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GENETIC MATERIAL - Coggle Diagram
GENETIC MATERIAL
DNA
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Double Helix
Founded by James Watson, Francis Crick and Rosalin Franklin
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Replication
- Polynucleotide strands of DNA seperate
- Each strand acts as a new template for a new strand of DNA
- DNA polymerase assembles nucleotides into 2 new strands according to the pairing rule
- 2 identical DNA molecules are formed (Each contains a strand from parent DNA and a new complementary strand).
Protein Synthesis
happens because protein need to be made, genetic code must be copied and transferred through nucleus.
carried out by RNA
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2 types of RNA
- Messenger RNA which forms a copy of DNA code
- transfer RNA which carries amino acids to the ribosomes to make protein
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Transcription
- The double helix unwinds and unzips the 2 strands and exposes the bases
2.The template strand of the DNA forms a framework and mRNA is formed, They line up alongside the template strand according to the complementary base rules.
- One at a time, RNA molecules will link up to form an mRNA molecule. They form bonds between their ribose and phosphate groups, joining together to make the sugar-phosphate backbone of the molecule.
- When a section of DNA corresponding to a protein is transcribed, the mRNA molecule leaves through the pores of the nucleus membrane.
- The DNA helix zips up again. Because of complementary base pairing the triplet code of the DNA is converted into a triplet code in the mRNA
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Translation
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At the end, a stop codon will tell the machinery that the protein is complete and it is released
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