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A&P Ch. 1&2 Vocabulary - Coggle Diagram
A&P Ch. 1&2 Vocabulary
Directional Anatomical Terms
Superior
Anything above or in the upper part of your body
Posterior
Anything on the backside of the body
Anterior
Anything on the front side of the body
Inferior
Anything below or in the lower part of your body
Body Planes
Sagittal
Divides the body into left and right parts
Coronal/Frontal
Divides the body into posterior and anterior parts
Transverse
Divides the body into superior and inferior parts
Deep
Away from the body
Medial
Middle of the body
Lateral
The sides/away from the body
Distal
Away from the middle of the body
Proximal
Near to the body/another body part
Superficial
On the surface of the body
Prone
Lying down flat on your face
Supine
Lying down on your back
Homeostasis Terms
Set Points
Ideal values of physiological functions (around which the normal range fluctuates)
Positive Feedback
Control: Controls the brain the inform pituitary glands to release hormones into the bloodstream
Sensor: Monitors and stretches the sensitive nerve cells
Effector: Allows oxytocin to cause a stronger and a further contraction away from the uterus
Stimulus: Allows muscle contractions during labor
Normal Range
A range of insignificant values around the set point that does not make reactions
Negative Feedback
Control: Observes the changes in any set points
Effector: Causes changes within the normal range
Sensor: Monitors the environment
Stimulus: Anything that triggers changes outside the normal range
Chemistry Based Terms
Elements
Cell: Smallest living functioning unit of an organism--can help form tissues
Compound: Chemical substance made of 2+ elements
Molecule: 2+ atoms bonded together
Carbon
Can form up to 3 bonds with other elements
Carbon Chains form the structure of proteins and fats
Atoms
Electron: Negative charge
Proton: Positive charge
Neutron: No charge
Bonds
Ionic: Transferred Electrons
Hydrogen: Electrostatic attraction between a hydrogen atom and another
Covalent: Shared Electrons
Polar Covalent: Unequal shared electrons
Ions
Anion: negatively charged ion
Cation: positively charged ion
Cells
Form tissues
Compounds
made up of combined elements
Inorganic Compounds
Water and Sodium Chloride
Solution
mixture where one substance is dissolved into another
Solute
Component of a solution
Solvent
Dissolves in Solute
Other Terms
Enzymes
Catalyst: can speed up the rate of reaction without changing the chemicals
Activation Energy: Breaks down food and medicine
Enzymatic Reaction
Active Sites: can substrate molecules by binding them
Speeds up chemical reactions
Kinetic Energy
Energy in Movement
Potential Energy
Energy in position (still)
Chemical Energy
Forming Bonds: Energy infused
Breaking Bonds: Energy released
Buffers
Stabilizes pH levels in body fluids
Substrate
surface/material in which an organism gains it's nourishment
Organs
Made of 2+ tissues to perform a specific function in the body
Organ System
System of organs that perform multiple functions to work the body
Organism
A living being - made of organ systems
Nucleotides
Composes RNA and DNA
DNA
Shares genetic information
Bases
Guanine
Adenine
Cytosine
Thymine
RNA
Converts information from DNA into proteins
Bases
Guanine
Adenine
Cytosine
Uracil