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EXPLORE THE NETWORK, EXPLORE THE NETWORK(TOPIC 1.3), Protocol Interaction,…

- - - - Client
      - Server
      - Workstation
      - Network Interface Card (NIC)
      - Network Operating System (NOS) 6. Host
      - Node
      - Connectivity Device
      - Backbone
      - Segment
      - Topology
      - Protocol
      - Tran
  - - - The software that runs on a server and enables the server to
  - - - A client, server, or other device that can communicate over a network and that is identified by a unique number, known as its network address
  - - - • The part of a network to which segments and significant shared devices connect.
      - • A backbone is sometimes referred to as “a network of networks” because of its role in interconnecting smaller parts of a LAN or WAN.
  - - - A part of a network. Usually, a segment is composed of a group of nodes that use the same communications channel for all their traffic
  - - - The physical layout of a computer network. Topologies vary according to the needs of organization available hardware and expertise
      - Hybrid combinations of these
        patterns are also possible
- - - - shared content accesed by groups by cross-enterprise boundaries
    - - shared content accesed by members within a single organization
  - - - networks limits the effect of failure, so fewest number of devices are effected of it
      - enables quick recovery when such failure occurs
      - depend on multiple path between the source and destination message or known as redundancy
    - - expand quickly to support new users and applications without affecting the perfomance of service
    - - An ever-increasing requirement nowadays
      - New applications such as voice and live video transmissions
    - - Securing network infrastructure includes physically securing devides
      - provides network connectivity ,preventing unauthorized access to the management software on those devices
- - - - Advantages of peer-to-peer
        
        Easy to set up
        
        Less Complexity
        
        Lower cost since network devices and dedicated servers.
        
        Can be used for simple tasks
      - Disadvantages of peer-to-peer
        
        No centralized administration
        
        Not as secure
        
        Not scalable
        
        All devices may act slowly for their performance.
    - - Server Uses:
        
        to facilitate communication and resource sharing between other computers on the network.
        
        to enable clients to share data,data storage space and device.
        
        to refer to the design of a network in which client rely on servers for resource sharing and processing.
- - - - Networking protocols define a common format and set of rules for exchanging messages between devices
        
        SOME COMMON NETWRORKING :
        
        Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP),
        
        Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
        
        Internet Protocol (IP)
    - - How the message is formatted or structured
      - How and when error and system messages are passed between
        devices
      - The process by which networking devices share information about
        pathways with other networks
      - The setup and termination of data transfer sessions
- - - -  Transport for segment,transfer and reassemble data
        
         Network exchange individual data over network between identified and device
        
         Data link exchanging data frames between devices over a media
        
         Physical is mechanical,electrical,functional, and procedural to transmit bits across physical connections.
        
         The TCP/IP protocol model created early 1970s,open standard, and called TCP/IP Model
        
         OSI Model application,presentation,session in TCP/IP Model is Application
        
         Transport same in both model
        
         Network in OSI MODEL but Internet in TCP/IP Model
        
         TCP/IP more simple than OSI Model
         TCP/IP have 4 layer but OSI Model have 7 layers
      -  PDU for Applications,Presentation,Session is Message
        
         PDU for Transport is Segment
        
         PDU for Network is Packet
        
         PDU for Data Link is frame
        
         PDU for Physical is Bit
- - - - Communication between a web server and web client is an example of an interaction between several protocols:
      - TCP/IP Communication Process
        
        When sending data from a web server to a client the encapsulation procedure would be as follows:
  - - - How and when error and system messages are passed between devices
      - The setup and termination of data transfer sessions
- - - - ◦ Each piece is sent in a separate frame.
      - ◦ Each frame has its own addressing information.
      - ◦ A receiving host will reconstruct multiple frames into the original message.
- - - - Message - It is the information to be communicated. Popular forms of information include text, pictures, audio, video and etc.
      - Sender - It is the device which sends the data messages. It can be a computer, workstation, telephone handset and etc.
      - Receiver - It is the device which receives the data messages. It can be a computer, workstation, telephone handset etc.
      - Transmission Medium - It is the physical path by which a message travels from sender to receiver. Some examples include twisted-pair wire, coaxial cable, radio waves and etc.
      - Protocol - It is a set of rules that governs the data communications. It represents an agreement between the communicating devices. Without a protocol, two devices may be connected but not communicating.