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The Philosophical Perspective of the Self - Coggle Diagram
The Philosophical Perspective of the Self
David Hume
"There cannot be a persisting idea of self." He asserted that as long as we derive ourselves from the sense of impression, there will be no "self."
Plato
Plato’s proposed philosophy about the self was designed by starting on the examination of the self as a unique experience. In his philosophy, the experience then will eventually better understand the core of the self which he called the “Psyche”.
Three elements of " Psyche "
Appetitive
The desires, pleasures, physical satisfactions, comforts, and etc.
Spirited
The feeling of excitement when given challenges, or fight backs when agitated, or fight for justice when unjust practices are experienced.
The mind
The hot-blooded part of the psyche is the mind however, this is what considered as the most superior to all the elements.
Merleau-Ponty
His work in developing a kind of phenomenological rhythm explains the perception of the self. The mind and body are so intertwined that they can't be separated from one another. He stated that the person, his thoughts, emotions and experiences are all one. One cannot find any experience if its not an embodied experience.
Three Dimensions of Rhythm
Synthesis of both position
Idealist-intellectual
Empiricist-perception
Socrates
"The unexamined life is not worth living.”One must examine his/her life for this is the duty of life bound to develop self-knowledge and a self that is dignified with values and integrity.
Sigmund Freud
He regarded the self as the “I” that ordinarily constitute both mental and physical actions. He sees the “I” as a product of multiple interacting process, systems, and schemes.
Topographical Model
(Freud's Concept of Hysteria, uncontrollable emotion or excitement)
An individual may know and not know at the same time
Structural Model
(represents the self in three agencies)
Ego
described as the part of the id which has been modified by the direct influence of the external world.
Superego
synthesizes the morals, values, and systems in society in order to function as the control outputs of the instinctive desires of the id.
id known as the primitive or instinctive component.
Rene Descartes
The fact that one thinks should lead one to conclude without a trace of doubt that he exists. This is his famous quote "cogito ergo sum" which is translated to " I think therefore, I am ", or " I doubt therefore, I exist ."
John Locke
The self is comparable to an empty space. Our everyday experiences contributes the pile of knowledge that is put on that empty space. The individual person is not only capable of learning from experience but also skillful to process different experience from various perception.
Immanuel Kant
All the things that men perceived or see around them are just randomly filled into the person's mind without an organizing principle that regulates the relationships of these ideas. It is necessarily to have a mind that organizes the ideas. These are the apparatuses of mind, along with it goes the self.
Gilbert Ryle
All the manifestations of the physical activities or behavior ate the dispositions off the self, which is the basis of the statement:“I act therefore I am” or “You are what you do”. According to him, the idea " I " can never be found because it is " a ghost in the machine." The mind is arranged to the self therefore, the mind is never separate to the body
St. Augustine
Human being alone, without God are bound to be failed. The end goal of every human person is the attainment of the communion with the Divine by living his life on earth in virtue.