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Concept Map: Skeletal Viriahelyn Calvillo P:6 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - forehead
    - - near temple area
    - - bone that holds up upper teeth
    - - jawbone
    - - cheekbone
    - - nose
  - - - tailbone
    - - the pelvis
  - - - breast bone
    - - shoulder blade
    - - collar bone
  - - - funny bone
    - - lower arm bone
    - - lower arm bone
    - - short bones near wrist
    - - miniature long bones inn the hand
    - - fingers
    - - shoulder blade
    - - collar bone
  - - - thigh bone
    - - calf bone
    - - shin
    - - Calcuneus
      - talus
    - - foot area
    - - fingers
    - - knee
- - - - tubular shaft that forms long axis of bone , consist of compact bone surrounding central medullary cavity that is filled with yellow marrow in adults
    - - ends of long bone that consist of compact bone externally and spongy bone internally
    - - endosteum
        
        -delicate CT membrane covering internal bone surface, covers trabeculae of spongy bone
        -lines canals that pass through compact bone
        -like periosteum, contains osteogenic cells that can be differentiated into other bone cells.
      - periosteum
        
        Fibrous layer
        
        outer layer consisting of dense irregular connective tissue consisting of Sharpey's fibers that secure to bone matrix
        
        osteogenic layer:
        
        inner layer abutting bone and and contains primitive osteogenic stem cells that gives rise to most all bone cells.
        -contains many nerve fibers and blood vessels
        
        Endosteum: delicate CT membrane covering internal bone surface
        -covers trabeculae of spongy bone
        -lines canals that pass through compact bone
        -contains osteogenic cells that can be differentiated into other bone cells.
- - - - nondisplaced:
        
        ends retain normal position
      - displaced:
        
        ends are out of normal alignment
    - - Complete: broken all the way through
      - Incomplete: not broken all the way through
    - - open (compound): skin is penetrated
      - closed (simple):skin is not penetrated
    - - Hematoma Formation
      - Fibrocartilaginous callus information
      - Bony Callus Formation
      - Bone remodeling
- - - - Sutures
        
        rigid, interlocking, joints of skull, allow growth during youth; contains short CT fibers that allow for expansion
      - Syndesmoses
        
        bones connected by ligaments, bands of fibrous tissue
        
        short fivers offer little to no movement
        
        longer fibers offer a larger amount of movement
      - Gomphoses
        
        peg in socket joints
    - - Synchondroses
        
        bar or plate of hyaline cartilage, almost all are synarthrotic
      - symphyses
        
        are strong, amphiathrotic *slightly movable) joints
    - - articular cartilage
      - joint cavity
      - articular capsule
      - synovial fluid
      - nerves and blood vessels
- - - - one flat bone surface glides or slips over another similar surface
        
        Intercarpal Joints
        
        Intertarsal Joints
        
        Between articular processes of vertebrae
    - - Increase or decrease angle between two bones
      - movement along the sagittal plane
      - angular movements include:
        
        Flexion: decrease the angle between two bones
        
        Extension: increase the angle of the joint
        
        Hyper extension: movement beyond the anatomical position
      - Abduction:
        
        movement along frontal plane, away from the mid line
      - Adduction:
        
        Movement along frontal plane, toward the mid line
      - Circumduction:
        
        involves flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction of limb
        
        limbs describes cone in space
    - - turning of bone around it's own long axis, toward mid line or away from it
        
        Medial: rotation toward mid line
        
        Lateral: rotation away from mid line
        
        Ex: rotation between c1 and c2 vertebrae
        
        rotation of humerus and femur
    - - Supination and pronation:
        
        Supination: palms face anterior, and radius and ulna are parallel.
        
        Pronation: palms face posterior and radius rotates over ulna
      - Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion:
        
        Dorsiflexion: bending foot toward shin
        
        Plantar flexion: pointing toes
      - Inversion and eversion
        
        Inversion:sole of foot toward shin
        
        Eversion: sole of foot faces laterally
      - Protraction and Retraction:
        
        Protraction: mandible juts out
        
        Retraction: mandible is pulled toward neck
      - Elevation and Depression:
        
        Elevation: lifting body part superiority
        
        Depression: lowering body part (Ex.)opening jaw)
      - Opposition:
        
        movement of thumb