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7.介系词 - Coggle Diagram
7.介系词
介系词与介副词
- 介词后面没有受词,直接当作副词使用,这叫叫介副词当作副词
- 介副词通常与介词连用:The plumber went down to the basement.
- down是个介副词,后面没有受词
- to才是介系词,后接名词词组the basement当受词,当地方副词使用
介系词与词组动词
在动词后面加上介副词,由两个以上单字构成一个意义单元,应该当作动词诠释
- The man slept on the couch. S+V
- The man turned on the light. S+V+O
词组动词种类
及物动词,不可拆开 受词必须放在词组后面
- get over 康复,痊愈 ;look into 调查,了解;take after 类似,像; stand by 支援
不及物动词
come about 发生 ;fall off 下跌; get off 爆炸;turn up 出现,出席;
及物动词、可以拆开(受词(宾语)可放在词组后面、也可开放在中间)
- bring up 抚养长大 brought up eight children / brought eight children up.
- call off 取消;turn down 拒绝; make up捏造编造;
三个字以上的词组动词,及物、不可拆开
- catch up with 赶上
- drop out of 退出,中辍
- get away with 侥幸逃脱,全身而退
- go back on 食言,说话不算
空间介系词
-
时间介系词
比较常用的时间介系词有in, on, at
- at如果表达的是一个时间的「定点」、非常短的时间
- in 一段比较长的时间
- on 表示出来「哪一天」,如星期、日期、节日等等
My birthday is on January 23.
其他介系词
- apart from 除了…之外 相当于 except for
We had no trouble on the way apart from(= except for) a flat tire.
- as for 至于
I don’t blame you. As for your friend, he has behaved very badly.至于你的朋友
- for 为了…,以(价钱),支持
- of ……的
- at 以(价钱或速度) We joined the tour at $3,000 per person.
- but 除了 用法相当于except
No one but(= except) a fool would accept a challenge like that.
- in 以(表达方式) How do you say that in English?
- up to 由……决定,可以胜任,在从事(或计划) It’s not up to me to decide.
- between / among 在…之间 between有标示位置的功能(意思是「夹在中间」),among则没有(只表示「其中,之中」)
- The Rhine flows between France and Germany.
- Among the major cities in the world, Shanghai ....
- except / except for 除了……
一般的情况下,except for和except的用法与意思都差不多。但是放在句首时只能用except for,不能用except
- on / about (谈论)关于… 文章或演说的主题,如果采比较正式的口吻、比较专业或学术化,就应该用on这个介系词来表示。如果是非正式的口吻,用about就行了
- written a book on the temples
- talking about his childhood
- over 关于… 如果是「争论」的话题,通常要用over这个介系词来表示
They’re arguing over their share of the property.
- through 经由……,靠……
普通名词抽象化
- I think I’ll go by bus. bus是一种交通方式
如果bus前面有形容词则变成了一个名词词组,恢复普通名词身份,需要有限定符
I’ll go by the 5:30 bus.
- 做修饰语,可以修饰名词,动词,形容词,副词
- 放在名词前面,与名词共同构成一个意义单元