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history chap 3 - Coggle Diagram
history chap 3
healthcare
high death rate among the asian population due to poor sanitation, overcrowding and malnutrition
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government set up the public health department. they set up a malaria committee which changed the bucket system to a modern sewerage system and cleared dirty streets and drain. they also improved housing conditions in chinatown by reducing overcrowding
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quarantine law was passed. any people who arrived in singapore by sea had to be checked by a doctor and had to be isolated if they were suspected to be carrying a contagious disease to prevent the soread of these diseases
still had a high death rate because there was a lack of knowledge about diseases and asians did not trust western medicine + overcrowding and unhygienic living conditions resulted in the spread of infectious diseases
healthcare eventually improved because economic growth led to the government increasing spendings on healthcare. and the increased awareness of the need to improve healthcare led to calls by the people for the government to prevent the spread of these diseases
chinese protectorate
established to protect the chinese migrants from abuse, prostitution and to prevent secret societies from committing crimes
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the chinese community was encouraged to come to the chinese protectorate to settle their quarrels instead of going to the secret societies
coolie agents and lodging houses had to reguster with the chinese protectorate. william pickering’s officers would check lodging houses and the coolie ships to see whether they were being treated fairly
built trust between the chinese community and the british government by working with secret society leaders
established a department called po leung kuk. it rescued many young girls from being sold into prostitution and provided shelter for servants that were poorly treated
education
in the 1800s, education was not very important as people were more focused on making money and the government didnt have enough funds to provide education
only provided free primary malay education, a few tamil schools were established and none were catered for the chinese
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in the 1900s, the government started providing grants to schools which imparted english to the people as there was a demand for english speaking clerks for the government and businesses
there was an increase in chinese schools that were established by chinese businessmen. christian missionaries were given a free hand in how they ran their school
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facilities
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new wharves, docks and machinery shops were built
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law and order
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police force
thomas dunman was made deputy superintendent, deputy magistrate and singapores first full-time commisioner of police
made the police force more appealong for potential recruits by fighting for better working conditions and higher wages
police force became larger as more men, especially those of good character joined the police force
by the time dunman retired, he improved the morale and quality of the police force and decreased the amount of crimes
labour abuses of coolies
chinese men who were too poor to pay for their journey to singapore will find coolie agents who will help them pay for their journey. in return, these men promised to work for any employer who was willing to pay the coolie agent’s fee and the money for the coolie’s journey to singapore
coolies will then work for about a year or more without pay to pay back the debt that they owed to their employer for paying the coolie agent. emoloyers usually provide coolies with food and lodgings and maybe even a small fee for their service
conditions on the voyage to singapore was very poor. due to overcrowding and the lack of food and water on the ships, many coolies die before they can make it to singapore
when they reached singapore, they would be locked in cramped and unhygienic houses. these houses woukd be guarded by gangsters hired by the coolie agents until an employer could be found
secret societies
many men who felt lonely and lost in singapore was befriended by members of secret societies who helped them find lodgings and a job. these men would usually join that secret society
these secret societies will protect and care for its members e.g. they will help memebers who died plan burials and take care of them when they were sick
secret societies took part in many forms of unlawfulness such as gang robberies, gang fights and riots
prostitution
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there was a demand for prostitues which meant that keepers of brothels and traffickers could earn huge profits from it
many young girls were tricked into the prostitution trade. they were promised well-paying jobs but were instead sold to owners of brothels and were forced to earn money for them
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the great depression
how it happened and how it impacted the world in general, especially the united states
many businesses were doing extremely well in the early 1920s, many people bought shares to make quick money
in 1929, share prices started to to down, causing some people to sell their shares. this caused share prices to go down even more. even more people sold their shares. this eventually led to the wall street crash (new york stock exchange collapsed)
many people had to sell their personal belongings, house etc to pay the bank back the debt that they owed. (borrowed money to buy shares)
many people tried to withdraw their savings from banks but the bank did not have enough money to pay them back and had to close down. many people lost their life savings
businesses lost alot of money and had to retrench their workers or cut their wages. this led to widespread hardship and unemployment.
due to economic hardship, spending on goods dropped, causing prices of tin and rubber to fall as their demand dropped
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free port status
attracted traders to singapore , singapore flourished as a port