chapter 1
our enviroment;all things and factors external to organisms. the natural world round us but can include human built world
environmental paradox ;human well being improved in the past 40 years but natural ecosystems providing goods and services declined
environmental movement-Rachel Carson: wrote silent spring, was against the use of DDT to control pests
Muhammad Yunas - founder of Grameen bank that helped less fortunate woman get loans
sound science vs junk science- sound science: backed by the scientific method. Junk science isn't backed by the scientific method
scientific method: 1-natural phenomenon 2- observation 3-questions 4- hypothesis 5-experiment 6 research hypothesis 7-peer review 8- model of how the world works
essential transitions for a sustainable future
1-population transition 2- resource transition 3- technology transition 4- political/sociological transition 5-community transition
chapter 2
economic- social science involving production distribution and consumption of goods and services and with theory and management of economic services
economic systems- centrally planned and free market
economic progress- gross national product(gnp), Gross demestic product(gdp), Gross progress indicator(gpi),
sustainable economy- 1)produced capital-essential to production of goods and services 2) natural capital-natural assets supplied by ecosystems
3)intangible capital- not physically in nature
economic vs environment: Low income-problems such as unsanitary water. Middle income- problems such as air pollution from so2 co2 and particles. High income- problems such as co2 emissions and suburban sprawl
policy life cycle-1)recognize there's an issue 2) formulation 3) implementing 4) control
environmental protection- helps protect/restore the planet, does not diminish wealth, creates industry jobs
1)domain 2)kingdom 3) phyllum 4) class 5) order 6)family 7)genus 8) species
species, population, community, ecosystems, landscapes, ecotone, biome, biosphere
biome- large area with the same climate and similar vegetation. biosphere- system of all living things
chapter 3
biotic factors-living things
abiotic- non lving
optimal range-best response for organism , range of tollerance- entire span that allows for growth
limits of tolerance- high and low ends of range of tollerance
2 factors acting together have greater response than 2 acting alone
habitat- area particular species is adapted to live in defined by plant community and physical environment.
niche-sum of all conditions and recourses under which species can live
enviromental spheres - 1)lithosphere:geological material
2) atmosphere: all gasses on planet
3)hydrosphere: all water
4) biosphere:all life
5) pedosphere: related to all of the spheres
adhesion-water attracted to solid surfaces
cohesion-attracted to each other
rocks: Igneous-made of primary materials formed from magma
sedimentary: made of primary/secondary minerals deposited in oceans, lakes, and rivers or wind
medamorphic:formed from other rocks under heat/pressure
first law of thermodynamics: energy is neither created or destroyed but may be converted from one form to another
seocnd law-anu energy conversion some of unusable energy is lost as heat.
primary producers-green pl;ants via photo synthesis convert low potential energy raw materials into high potential energy molecules by using sunlight
consumers- obtain energy from consuming organic material
cellular repiration-not as efficient as photosynthesis