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Skeletal System Yoselin Orozco Madrigal Honors Anatomy Period 6 - Coggle…
Skeletal System Yoselin Orozco Madrigal Honors Anatomy Period 6
Names of all bones:
coccyx:
under sacrum
coxal bone:
defines hips
Sacrum
: smaller back
Femur:
upper leg bone
Lumbar Vertebrae:
body bones
patella:
knee
Thoraic Vertebrae:
Clavicle:
Sholder ( flat long bone)
Scapula:
back bone
Humerus:
Arm bone
Ribs
Thoraic vertebrae:
longer bone that holds ribs together
Sternum:
shorter bone that holds ribs
Skull:
Nasal Bone:
top nose bone
Vomer bone:
under nasal bone
Parietal bone:
back of skull
Ethmoid bone:
Sides of nasal bone
Frontal bone
: Forehead
Maxilla:
Upper lip area
Zygomatic bone:
cheek bone
Mandible:
Chin area
Cervical Vertebrae:
neck bone
Atlas:
top neck bone
Axis:
under atlas second neck bone
Tibia:
Lower leg
Fibula:
Calf bone
Talus:
smaller than calcaneus & on top
Calcaneus:
bottom of foot
Tarsals:
front of metatarsal
Metatarsal:
front of phalanges
Phalanges:
toes
Bone remodeling:
Consists of bone deposit & bone resorption
Remodeling Units:
packets osteoblasts & oteoclasts to coordinate remodeling process. Osteoclasts also demineralized matrix and dead osteoblasts
Bone Deposit:
New bone matrix is deposited by oteoblast
Types of bones:
Short bones:
Cube-shaped bones (Wrist & Ankle), vary in size and number in individuals
Long bones:
Longer than they are wide, (Legs & Arms)
Irregular bones:
Complicated shapes ( Vertebrae & Hip bones)
Flat bones:
Thin, flat & slightly curved (Sternum, Ribs, Scapulae, & Skull bones)
Sesamoid Bones:
Bones within tendons ( Patella)
Movement allowed by Synovial Joints:
Angular Movement:
Extension:
Increase the angle of two bones in sagittal plane
Abduction:
movement along frontal plane( away from midline)
Adduction:
movement along frontal plane (towards midline)
Flexion:
decreasing the angle of two bones in sagittal plane
Circumduction:
Involves flexion, abduction,extension, & adducttion of limb
Rotation:
Medial Rotation:
Rotating towards median plane
Lateral Rotation:
Rotating away from median plane
Movement:
Gliding:
Sliding flat surfaces of two bones across each other
Anatomy of long bones:
Long Bones:
Longer than they are wide. Limb bones(arms&legs)
Epiphyses:
Ends of long bones with compact bones externally and spongy bones internally
Diaphysis:
A shaft that forms long axis. Consists of compact bones filled with yellow marrow in adults
Bone fracture repair:
: Fractures are breaks. During youth most fractures result in trauma. In old age most fractures result from weakness of bone and bone thinning
Disorders:
Imbalances between bone deposit & bone resorption
Riskets:
The Osteomalcia of children. Causes bowed legs and other bone deformities .Ends are enlarged and abnormally long bones, causes vitamin D deficiency.
Oteoporosis:
Bone resorption exceeds deposit, bone mass declines
Oteomalacia:
Bones are poorly minerlaized results in week and soft bones.
Joints:
Fibrous Joints:
Syndesmoses:
Connected by ligaments and bands of fibrous tissue. Movement varies due to fiber length.
Short fibers
= little to no movement
Long fibers
= larger amount of movement
Sutures:
Allows for growth during youth. Has short connective tissue with expansion. In middle age structures ossify. Immovable joints to protect brain.
Gomphoses:
Periodontal Ligament which holds tooth in socket
Cartilaginous Joints:
Bones united by cartilage, have no joint cavity and not highly movable
Synchondroses:
Plate of hayline cartilage unites bone & immovable joint
Symphyses:
Fibrous cartilage unites bones, slightly movable joints
Synovial Joints:
Freely movable joints, allows six different types of movements
Difference between Male and Female Skeleton:
You can tell if a bone is different threw their pelvic bones. A females pelvic bone is opened at a 120 degree with wider hips and the Ischial spine is also smaller in female. A males pelvic structure is at 90 degree with a heart shaped pelvic.