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Altered Hormone Function - Coggle Diagram
Altered Hormone Function
Damage to the Hypothalamaic-Pituitary Axis
can be due to inflammation, tumor, degeneration, hypoxia, hemorrhage or genetic defects.
Hypopituitarism
Hyperpituitarism
Panhypopituitarism
Damage to Endrocrine Glands
destruction of glands or lack of hormones secretions
can be impaired by genetic defects
Infection, inflammation, degeneration, atrophy, hypoxia, radiation, medications
Damage to cell receptors
decreased number of receptors
lack of receptor sensitivity
presence of antibodies that block receptors
tumor cells
Damage to feedback mechanism
Failure to respond to hormone levels
ADH/ACTH
Damage to metabolism/elimination mechanism
Impaired ability to metabolize eliminate hormones
SIADH-condition of excessive production and release of ADH despite changes in the osmolarity and blood volume.
Medications, stress, trauma, pain, surgery or infection
ADH- promotes water retention by increasing the permeability of the nephrons in the kidneys.
manifestions-hypoatremia, concentrated urine output, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, headache, irritability, muscle cramps, and weakness
Diagnosis- lab/urine cultures
Treatment- removal of the causes, water restriction, isotonic or hypertonic saline therapy.
Diabetes insipidus
Impairment of the hypothalamus osmorereceptors after trauma or surgery is the most common cause
chronic renal deficiency
lithium
hypercalemia
hypokalemia
rarely inhereited
Clinical manifestations-polyuria/excessive thirst
Treatment - Iv hydration therapy/ DDAVP
Hyperthyroidism
excessive thyroid hormones.
excessive stimulation of the thyroid gland.
disease of the thyroid
excess production of TSH by pituitary adenoma
Graves disease- excessive stimulation of the thyroid
IgG antibodies bind to the TSH receptor the thyroid cells
Thyrotoxic crisis- severe worsening of hyperthyroidism
treatment: reducing the thyroid hormone levels, gland destruction, radioactive iodine, surgical removal or medication
Hypothyroidism
deficient thyroid hormones
can be congenital or aquired
cretinism
deficiency thyroid gland
impaired TSH or TRH secretions
cold intolerance, coarse hair, weakness, impaired memory
replacement of thyroid hormones, T3 and T4 levels.
Synthroid/levoxyl are common medications
Cushings Syndrome
Prolonged exposure to elevated levels of exogenous glucocorticoids or endogenous
glucocorticoids contribute to metabolic function
inflammatory and immune responses
long term administration to steroids
tumors on the pituitary glanf
tumor on the adrenal gland
ectopic production of ACTH or CRH form a tumor such as small cell carcinoma.
surgery, radiation
steroids may be needed to adrenal crisis
Addisons disease
Most serious endocrine disorder
adrenal cortical insufficiency of CRH or ACTH
destruction of the pituitary caused from tumors, hemorrhage, trauma, radiation or surgical removal.
inability of the adrenal glands to produce glucocorticoids. minerals or androgens.
Isontonic IV therapy
hydrocortisone sodium succinate
tuberculosis bacteria can also destroy the adrenal gland.
diagnostics based on clinical presentation and labs
Serum corticosteriod levels