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Hitler’s Methods of Consolidating power - Coggle Diagram
Hitler’s Methods of Consolidating power
Use of law
1934 1 August: Law Concerning the Head of State of the German Reich
Hitler now proceeded to combine the office of Reich President with that of Chancellor (ultimate power,)
Hitler becomes president, but keeps title of Der Fuher.
Army swears oath of allegiance: underlining the fact that his authority was now supreme
January 1934: Law for the Reconstruction of the State
Local governments = overthrown by SA violence
allows Reich gov to appoint new comisioners and therefore also laws to formalise situation
Current elected assembly = dissolved
Reich Governors = created to run states
1933 February 28: Emergency Decrees
Issued by Hindenburg using Article 48
Suspended civil rigjts qlloing secret Police to hold people under protective custody (and was therefore used to repress KPD, communist Party)
Enabling Act
Cabinet (Hitler) could pass laws without presidential involvement (bsiclly has power of dictators)
Law against formation of New Parties
KPD, SPD + other partirs banned: Germany becomes one-state party
Law for Restoration of Professional Civil Service
Oponnents = banned from adminsitration offices, schools, etc...
Employment law
Mayor employment shcemes
Reich wide Co-coordination
Law Against the Formation of New Parties meant only the Nazi Party was allowed to exist.
Therefore, when the Reichstag met, all the deputies were Nazis.
3 Air of Respectability
Oath made by army gave him the respect of the people, as the army was regarded as the heroes of the nation.
Hitler was a WWI veteran, represented war heroes
May Day holiday
showed he cared for working class and earned respect
claimed to want a "reconstruction of state"
wanted to remove the TOV
made it clear his intention to protect the german people from the communists and the jews.
Hitler portrayed himself as an ordinary German, but was still seen as a respectable leader and a savior from the economic crisis
Knight of thee Long Knives
The fact that hitler deals with SA, makes population feel saver, makes it clear amry = over SA troops
Plebicite shows that people approvee of his decions
Sense of keeping apperances, not democracy, but still has elctions
Terror- Intimidation
The Night of the Long Knives (1934)
Rohm and otehr SA officials were murderd by memebrs of the Nazi party.
Elimination of remaining "posiblee threats" to his consolidation of Power
One day Boycott of Jewish Shops
Nazis highlight their opposition to Communism, and link it with Judaism (conspiracy of revolutionary Bolshevism)
Centre Party is disbanded and all other parties heavily prosecuted
Local governments = overthrown by SA violence
Oprah house = sorrounded by SA troops, where polititatins are now gatherinmg to vote for the enabeling act
After emergency law = passes, civil rights are put on hold, which is therefore a use of law to enable terror
Propaganda
Nazi message which was both simple and at the same time carefully calculated to give them hope for the fu0ture.
New Ministry for Publci Enlightment and Propaganda
Exersised controll of all media
Goebells = appointed as head
Government uses control over radio, police, along with unofficial pressure, to intimidate opponents in election.
The Nazi election slogan: "The battle against Marxism"
Wide Popular Appeal
1932 March: Presidential Elections
Hitler --> 11 million votes (second under Hindenburg with 18 million votes)
Proves discontent which grww between the population.
Hitler attracted a large % of middle-class supporters, rural germans and unskilled workers, making his party second only to socialists.
Nazis win 230 seats in Reichstag elections (1932 July)
Enabling act
Pass by Reichstag with only 94 votes against it
Nazi candidates for Reischtag win 92% votes
Law Concerning the Head of the State of the German Reich
Paased by Plebiste (almost 90% voted in favor)
Provides jobes
consolidating poplar appeal by doing something that he promised.
Millioins of germans = unemployed, desperatee for income
Concessions
Concordat agreement betweene state and Vatican
Goverment to protect religious beleifs
Hitler reaches an agreement with the Pope, which stated that the Catholic Church will be protected, but will stay out of political matters.
allows Hitler to ban the Catholic Zentrum (Centre) Party without opposition from the Catholic Church.
Hitler agrees not to interfere in Catholic schools and youth movements.
The Centre Party (Catholic Party) disbanded voluntarily in return for this
The Night of the Long Knives:
Increased his popularity with the army who deeply disliked the SA
May-Day Holiday
Compromise by the working class