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Hitler´s methods of consolidating power - Coggle Diagram
Hitler´s methods of consolidating power
Use of Law
Hitler appointed chancellor- 30th Jan 33
24th March 1933 - Enabling Act
This meant that the cabinet (basically Hitler) could pass decrees without the President´s involvement
Called by Hitler the "Law for terminating the suffering of the People and the Nation" - how could you NOT vote for a law named like that
14th July 1933- Law against the formation of new political parties
Germany became a one-party state- NAZI
15th Jan 1934- Law for the Reconstruction of the State
Local governments overthrown by SA violence allowing Reich gov to appoint commissioners - formalized by laws
7th April 1933- Law for Restoration of Professional Civil Service (used to eliminate Jews/political opponents from administration, etc.)
Reichstag dissolved (14th October, 1933)
Concessions
The Night of Long Knives- concession to army
As the Army could feel threatened by the Brownshirts
Concession to the Church
20th July- Concordat agreement between state and Vatican
Allowed religious freedom to get Vatican Support
Promised things to center party for their support
Gave secret police further power (like to hold people indefinitely in custody)
Gave plebiscite before becoming head of state
Agreed with President Hindenburg to hold new elections
Air of respectability
Hitler was ex-military- TWICE REWARDED WITH THE IRON CROSS
National propaganda from his 1925 Putsch- made him respectable as people saw he fought for his ideas which many people sympathized with
Nationalistic appeal of Nazi Party
Nazi flag with nationalistic colors
Volksgemeinschaft (a “people's community”)
Restore German pride and honor- denunciation of Treaty of Versailles
Terror
Reichstag Fire- 27th Feb 1933
Communists jailed as a justification
INTIMIDATION on 5th March elections
Government uses control of radio, police, along with unofficial pressure to intimidate opponents
30th June 1934- The Night of the Long Knives
Hitler launched an attack against members of the Nazi party who threatened his own authority (Ernest Rohd)
Violence created an atmosphere where many favored strong government to restore law and order!!!!
Violence was undemocratic = stability
Reich wide co-ordination
Local Level
Local governments overthrown by SA violence allowing Reich gov to appoint commissioners
Propaganda
Against communists and Jews
5th March elections- main slogan: "the battle against Marxism"
Communists were presented as a national threat along with Jews- world conspiracy
Joseph Goebbels appointed Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda- exercised FULL control over media
Methods used by Nazis: radio, mass rallies (little political talk but enthusiasm), Hitler´s speeches (charismatic), newspapers + posters, LITERATURE
Targeted Specific group of people
Ex. unemployed people (6-9 million) with negative propaganda about reparations
Wide Popular appeal
1932 March: Presidential Elections
Hitler obtained 11 million votes (second to Hindenburg with 18 million)
Due to times of crisis
Growing popular appeal of Nazis = growing discontent of people with actual gov
Hitler attracted multiple groups of people: middle-class supporters, rural Germans and unskilled soldiers, making his party second only to socialists