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Aleena Alfaro Period 1 Skeletal system - Coggle Diagram
Aleena Alfaro
Period 1
Skeletal system
Bones
Thoracic Cage
sternum, ribs, scapula, costal cartilage, scalpula
Upper Limb
humerus, ulna, radius, carpal, metacarpal, phalanges, scapula, clavicle
Vertebral
cervical, atlas, axis, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, Coccyx, Coxal bone,
Lower Limb
femur, fibula, tibia, tarsal, Calcaneus, talus, metatarsal, phalanges, patella
Skull
Frontal, Parietal, temporal, maxilla, mandible, zygomatic, nasal, occipital, orbit
Movements allowed by Synovial Joint: Plane, Hinge, Pivot, Condylar, Saddle, Ball-and-socket. Allow for different types of moments
Condylar joint: Metacarpophalangeal (kknuckle) joints, wrist joints
Pivot joint: Proximal radioulnar joints
Hinge Joints: Elbow joints
Plane: Intercarpal joints, intertarsal joints
Saddle joint: Carpornetacarpal joints of the thumb
Ball-and- socket: shoulders hips
Joints
Cartilaginous joints: Two types: Synchondroses and Symphyses. Not highly moveable, No joint cavity, united by cartilage
Fibrous joints: bones connected by dense connective tissue
Synovial joints: Plane, Hinge, Pivot, Condylar, Saddle, Ball-and-socket. Allow for different types of moments
Bone remodeling
Bone remodeling= bone deposit and bone resorption which maintains the bones shape. Bone remodeling happens during youth.
Long Bone (Humerus, femur)
Diaphysis: Tubular, forms long axis, consists of compact bone.
Epiphyses: end of long bones, consist of compact bone externally and spongy bone internally
Made up of epiphyses, diaphysis, and membranes
Epiphyseal line: In between the diaphysis and epiphysis, where bone growth occurs
Disorders
The three major bone diseases are Osteomalacia, rickets Osteoporosis, and Paget’s disease
Types of bones
endichondral ossification
Bones that form from hyaline cartilage
Form most of the skeleton
intramembranous ossification
Bones that form from fibrous membrane
Forms majority of the skull and clavicle bones
Differences between male and female skeleton: Bone lengthening occurs at age 18 in females and 21 in males.
Bone repair
The four stages of repair involve Hematoma formation, Fibrocartilaginous callus formation, Bony callus formation, Bone remodeling