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PERFECT TENSES - Coggle Diagram

- - - - •
        I have had a cold for two weeks.
    - - I've been shopping, so we have food for dinner.
    - - She's met lots of new people.
    - - Topics:
        
        Experience
        
        I have been to Germany.  (You have experienced being in Germany)
        
        Change Over Time
        
        My English has really improved.
        
        Accomplishments
        
        I have won an award.
        
        In the negative way, it would be: I haven't won an award.
        
        Multiple Actions at Different Times
        
        A mosquito has bitten me three times.
  - - - the structure is: Yes, subject+have/has. No, subject+have/has+not.
        
        Yes, I have. / No, I have not.
    - - the structure is: Have/has+ subject+ past participle+complement.
        
        Have you seen that movie many times?
    - - the structure is: subject+ have/has+ not+past participle+ complement.
        
        You haven’t seen that movie many times.
    - - the structure is: subject + have/has+past participle+
        
        You have seen that movie many times.
  - - - Ever/ never+ past participle+ PPS
        
        Have you ever tried this?
        
        No, i've never tried this.
      - We use ever to discuss wether something has happened in the past.
      - The opposite of ever is never, which means at no time
    - - We use it to discuss the duration of a state or action which began in the pas and still continues
        
        They both answer "How long...?"
      - We use for to discuss how long something has continued.
        
        I've played volleyball for two years
      - We use since to state when something began
        
        She hasn't played volleyball since she broke her ankle.
    - - I still haven't finished my homework.
    - - Have you watched the DVD yet?
      - I haven't finished my homework yet.
    - - I've already seen that film.
    - - I've just read a book.
- - - - the structure is: Subject +have/has+been+gerund + complement.
        
        You have been waiting here for two hours.
    - - the structure is: subject+ have/has+not+been+gerund+ complement
        
        You have not been waiting here for two hours.
    - - the structure is: Have/has+ subject+ been+gerund+complement.
        
        Have you been waiting here for two hours?
    - - the structure is Yes, subject+have/has. No, subject+have/has+not.
        
        Yes, I have/ No, I haven’t.
  - - - • We have been waiting here for over two hours!
    - - -Recently, I have been feeling really tired.
        -• She has been watching too much television lately.
    - - I have been reading a book for an hour. ( I haven’t finished it yet).
- - - - I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet.
    - - We had had that car for ten years before it broke down.
    - - Had Susan ever studied Thai before she moved to Thailand?
  - - - the structure is Subject + had+past participle+ complement.
        
        Example: You hadn’t studied English before you moved to New York.
    - - the structure is subject+ had+ not+past participle+ complement.
        
        Example: Had you studied English before you moved to New York?
    - - the structure is Had+ subject+ past participle+complement.
        
        Example: You had studied English before you moved to New York.
    - - the structure is Yes, subject+had. No, subject+had+not.
        
        Example: Yes, I had. / No, I had not.
- - - - the structure is Subject +had+been+gerund + complement.
        
        You had been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived.
    - - the structure is subject+ had+not+been+gerund+ complement
        
        You had not been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived.
    - - the structure is Had+ subject+ been+gerund+complement.
        
        Yes, I had/ No, I hadn’t.
    - - the structure is Yes, subject+had. No, subject+had+not.
        
        Had you been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived?
  - - - They had been talking for over an hour before Tony arrived.
    - - Jason was tired because he had been jogging.