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DISEASES - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Pathogenesis:
        Acute sinusitis usually starts with cold-like symptoms such as a runny, stuffy nose and facial pain. It may start suddenly and last 2 to 4 weeks. Subacute sinusitus usually lasts 4 to 12 weeks. Chronic sinusitus symptoms last 12 weeks or longer.
        
        Pathogenicity: Pathophysiology. The most common cause of acute sinusitis is an upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) of viral origin.
- - - - Fungal laryngitis : caused by overgrowth of fungus in the larynx. e.g. Candida fungus, cause yeast infection
- - - - Streptococcus pyogenes; bacterial Pharyntigis (Gram positive)
        
        Group A strep pharyngitis is most commonly spread through direct person-to-person transmission. Typically transmission occurs through saliva or nasal secretions from an infected person. People with group A strep pharyngitis are much more likely to transmit the bacteria to others than asymptomatic pharyngeal carriers.
        
        Diagnosis:
        
        Throat Culture
        
        Blood tests
        
        Physical exam
        
        Pathogenesis of bacterial pharyngitis varies with etiology. In streptococcal pharyngitis (which is the most common bacterial pharyngitis), the bacteria release exotoxins and proteases. Erythrogenic exotoxins are responsible for the development of the scarlatiniform exanthem.
        Secondary antibody cross react against M2-protein of the myocardial tissue that may result in rheumatic fever and valvular heart diseasea(type II hypersensitivity reaction) and the antigen-antibody complexes can lead to acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (type 3 hypersensitivity reaction).
        
        It is usually caused by viral and/or bacterial infections, such as the common cold and flu (both viral infections) or by infection with the Streptococcus bacterium (strep throat). Pharyngitis can also occur with mononucleosis, a viral infection.
- - - - Haemophilus influenza: Bacilli or coccus with random arrangements that are small, elongated, and gram-negative.
      - Streptococcus pneumoniae: Cocci that are gram-positive and lancet-shaped. They are usually observed as pairs of cocci, can seen in short chains too.
        
        Morphology:
    - - Lab diagnosis :
        
        A laryngoscopy is performed using a small camera at the end of a flexible tube.
        
        Swab test (throat)
        
        White blood cell count testing.
        
        Pathogenesis : Upper airway swelling causes airway obstruction in two ways:
        
        Second, it is frequently linked with thicker secretions and poor secretion clearance. Epiglottitis can result in infections or sores in the deep neck region
        
        First, it decreases the lumen of the airway.
      - Pathogenicity: The bacterium infects the body by colonized the upper respiratory tract firstly.
        
        When the host's immune system is weakened, the pathogen can spread and cause otitis media, meningitis, pneumonia, epiglottitis, and other diseases.