Global Temperature Rise
Greenhouse gasses concentration has increased fundamentally in earth's atomsphere because of human activities, it has warmed up our planet, Over the last century burning fossil fuels like coal and oil has increased the atmosphere carbon dioxide. This happens because the coal or oil burning process combines carbon with oxygen in the air to make CO2. To a lesser extent, the clearing of land for agriculture, industry, and other human activities has increased concentrations of greenhouse gases.
Since 1880, NASA and GISS have been record-keeping the average temperatures on the global surface. Most of the warming happened after the 2000 and the year of 2020 and 2016 were on a tie on record of hottest years ever. The planet's average increased about 1.02 celsius since the 19th century

One of the most significant causes of climate change is the decreased snow cover, which means that in the Northern Hemisphere less snow is created and it is melting faster than usual. However, snow plays a useful part in cooling the planet. Snow reflects sunlight back into space, cooling our atmosphere. It also provides water to the wildlife and even prevents some wildfires by making the soil moisture when it melts, but too much snow can lead to springtime floods.

Arctic sea ice has likely reached its minimum extent for the year, at 4.72 million square kilometers on September 16, 2021, according to scientists at the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) at the University of Colorado Boulder. The last 15 years are the lowest sea ice extents in the satellite record.

Global warming is mainly caused by greenhouse gases kept in the atmosphere. Fossil fuels emission has been suffering significant increases due to the high industrial dependence on these natural gases, and gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and water vapour have become highly concentrated in our atmosphere. Greenhouses can mostly affect the atmosphere of venus and mars which can lead them to getting really hot enough to melt. Greenhouse gas effects continue to affect our climate since the mid 20th century. Studies point out that about 95% of human activities have contributed to the warming of our planet. Industrial activities are responsible for almost doubling the amount of natural gas parts per million in the last 151 years. Other side effects of global warming include the decrease in solar activity, which has brought an increase in volcanic activity.

From 2003 to 2008, 55% of all arctic mass of ice shelves has been accounted for as basal melt (the melting point of water when it is under pressure). Antarctica holds 60% of the planet’s freshwater, however scientists are currently working on projects that will help the distribution of fresh water be easier. And since the planet’s surface is becoming warmer each year (0.001℃per year), scientists must find methods to better distribute the fresh water from the glaciers before it is lost to the environment or for glacier splittings and melting. NASA is currently working on a model of snow accumulation and similar results with ice melting velocity data from individual satellites in order to determine basal melting and warming ocean levels are most imminent in the arctic landscape. And they must act quickly, 2921 trillion pounds of ice shelves and 2400 trillion pounds of iceberg mass have been lost from 2003 to 2008. And when these masses are lost, they drop into the ocean and may harm microorganisms like plankton blooms or larger animals. Or may even make entire ecosystems decay due to the massive proportion of ice dropping into the bottom of the ocean.

The extent and thickness of the Arctic ice has rapidly decreased over the past years by 13.1% per decade. This problem is being caused by global warming that commits its crimes by melting the ice. Nasa started a mission called “Operation IceBridge”, this mission is supposed to serve a single purpose which is to collect information on how much the Arctic ice has decreased over the past years. This mission was accomplished with the help of a plane that would circle around the Arctic ice gathering as much information as possible. The results given where impressive, in 1984 the Arctic ice covered 6.8 million square kilometers, and in 2016 this number went down to 4 million square kilometers

Sea level rise is caused primarily by two factors related to climate change. the added water from melting ice sheets and glaciers and the expansion of seawater as it warms. So the sea levels are rising because of natural and human causes. Mountain glaciers and greenland ice are a big factor of the sea level change. However, there are still factors that make the sea level decrease. Global dam projects helped a lot. The graph shows that from 1995 to 2020, the sea height variation by 100 mm

More Droughts and Heat Waves: droughts could be harsher and last longer. the likelihood of a megadrought, a drought lasting more than three decades, is 12 percent. greenhouse gas emissions continue to increase along current trajectories throughout the 21st century, there is an 80 percent likelihood of a decades-long megadrought.

Rising surface, atmospheric, and oceanic temperatures; melting glaciers; diminishing snow cover; shrinking sea ice; rising sea levels; ocean acidification; and increasing intensity and frequency of rainfall, hurricanes, heat waves, wildfires, and drought. Without major reductions in emissions, the increase in annual average global temperature relative to preindustrial times could reach 9°F or more by the end of this century. Sea levels are likely to continue to rise, and many severe weather events are likely to become more intense.