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Seizures - Coggle Diagram

- - - - initiation of voluntary muscles
  - - - triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus of the dominant hemisphere
        
        motor speech
  - - - Hearing
  - - - sight
      - image perception
      - image recognition
  - - - emotional behaviors, memory and arousal
  - - - smell
  - - - written and spoken language comprehension
  - - - concentration
      - planning
      - creativity
      - problem solving
  - - - somatic senses
      - proprioception
      - some visceral seances
  - - - taste
- - - - unknown
    - - blocks Na+ channels
    - - blocks Na+ channels
    - - blocks Na+ channels
    - - binds SV2A protein on glutamate-containing transmitter vesicles
- - - - simple
        
        no loss of consciousness
        
        jacksonian / focal
      - complex
        
        consciousness is impaired
        
        psychomotor
      - specific areas in one hemisphere
    - - Tonic-clonic
        
        grand mal
      - Absence
        
        petit mal
      - Myoclonic
        
        motor cortex
      - Atonic
        
        loss of muscle tone
      - status epilepticus
        
        emergency condition
      - both cerebral hemispheres
- - - - Temporal
      - Frontal
      - Occipital
      - Insula
      - Parietal
    - - Central sulcus
      - Precentral sulcus + gyrus
      - Postcentral sulcus + gyrus
      - Lateral sulcus (fissure of Sylvius)
        
        Horizontal ramus
        
        Ascending ramus
        
        posterior ramus
      - parieto-occipital sulcus
      - Calcarine sulcus
      - Superior, middle and inferior frontal gyri
        
        the inferior frontal gyrus is divided into
        
        Orbital part
        
        Opercular part
        
        Triangular part
      - Superior and inferior frontal sulci
      - Superior, middle and inferior temporal gyri
      - Superior and inferior temporal sulci
      - Intraparietal sulcus
        
        divides the parietal lobe into
        
        superior parietal lobule
        
        inferior parietal lobule
        
        supramarginal gyrus
        
        angular gyrus
    - - Parietooccipital sulcus
      - Calcarine sulcus
      - Corpus callosum
      - Callosal sulcus
      - Cingulate gyrus
      - Cingulate sulcus
      - Cuneus, precuneus and paracental lobule
      - Lingual gyrus
    - - Orbital part
        
        Gyrus rectus
        
        Olfactory sulcus
        
        Orbital sulcus + gyri
      - Tentorial part
        
        Rhinal sulcus
        
        Occipitotemporal sulcus
        
        Collateral sulcus
        
        hippocampal sulcus
        
        Uncus
        
        Parahippocampal gyrus
        
        Lateral occipitotemporal gyrus
        
        Medial occipitotemporal gyrus (fusiform)
    - - connected by corpus callosum
      - longitudinal cerebral fissure
- - - - brain injury
      - brain tumor
      - brain infection
        
        meningitis
      - drug abuse
      - high fever
      - epilepsy
        
        recurrent unprovoked seizures
      - congenital brain defect
      - heart disease
      - phenylketonuria
      - electrical shock
      - stroke
      - others
- - - - focal (partial) epileptic seizures
        
        begin in a small localized region of the cerebral cortex or deeper structures
        
        localized organic lesion or functional abnormality
        
        extremely rapid discharges in the local neurons
        
        rises above several hundred discharges per second
        
        synchronous waves spread over neighboring cortical areas
        
        1 more item...
      - generalized seizures
        
        diffuse excessive and uncontrolled neuronal discharges
        
        spread rapidly and simultaneously to both cerebral hemispheres
- - - - used in
        
        brain damage
        
        sleep disorders
        
        brain tumor
        
        persistent coma
        
        epilepsy
        
        stroke
        
        inflammation of the brain
        
        medically induced coma
      - main brain waves
        
        delta
        
        present during dreamless sleep
        
        prolactin and human growth hormone are released
        
        the deepest phase of sleep
        
        1-4 Hz
        
        theta
        
        present during REM sleep
        
        increased learning and memory, creativity, meditation, allow access to the unconscious
        
        4-8 Hz
        
        beta
        
        alertness, concentration and learning, anxiety, fear and stress
        
        12-30 Hz
        
        alpha
        
        relaxation
        
        8-12 Hz