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Lecture 9: Cell Adhesion and Communication, Small Hydrophobic mols, Gases …
Lecture 9: Cell Adhesion and Communication
Indirect Cell Communication
Endocrine
distal
Travels through blood
Hormones!
Steroidal compounds
nonpolar
Can bind to intracellular receptors
Paracrine
cell 1 NOT connected to cell 2
Ex. Macrophages
local
Autocrine
to self/same type of cell
Ex. interleukins from WBC's
Process of Cell Signaling
Cell 1 sends ligand by exocytosis
Signal Transduction:
Ligand binds to receptor
Intracellular
Extracellular
Transduction: cascade of signals
Phosphorylation
Use of ATP
Enzymes and proteins
Response; Change in Cell Behavior
Transcription factor
Gene regulation
Types of Ligands
Bind to INTRAcellular receptors
Bind to EXTRAcellular receptors
Large and/or Hydrophilic mols
Use Gated Ion channels
facilitated or active transport depending on [ ] gradient
Types of Receptors
Intracellular
use small/hydrophobic ligands
Ex. Androgen receptor binds Testosterone ligand
Extracellular
GPCR
"G-protein coupled receptor"
Gated Ion Channels
Voltage Gated
Ligand Gated
Mechanical Gated
Enzyme-Linked
Tyrosine Kinase Receptor
Direct Cell-Cell Contact
Gap Jx
More for comm
rhythmic tissue type; heart/cardiac
6 connexins-> 1 connexon
allows small mols to travel through jx
Tight Jx
very close
adhesion, not much communication
Ex. leaky gut syndrome
100% impermeable
Stx
claudins/occludins
Zo complex
connected to F-actin filaments
connects to cytoskeleton
Adherens Jx
Calcium dependent
very close, not 100% impermeable
Stx
E-Cadherins + Catenins
F-actin filaments
Ca interacts with Catenins
Desmosomes:
similar to Adherens
Calcium INdependent
Immunoglobulins
Homotypic is most common
antibodies; cell signaling and fighting pathogens
Interact with Intermediate filaments
NOT actin
stronger than actin
mechanical stress
Focal Adhesions
Hemidesmosomes
intermediate filaments
f-actin
connect to EXTRAcellular matrix
integrins
Small Hydrophobic mols
Can squeeze their way through PLB
via diffusion
Gases
Small; diffuse through PLB