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Head, Ears, Eyes, Nose, Throat - Coggle Diagram

- - - - To assess shape: place your fingers in the person's hair and palpitate the skull; note lumps, depression, or abnormal protrusions
    - - Palpate the temporal artery above the cheek bone between the eye and top of the ear; palpate as soon as the person opens the mouth and note normally smooth movement with no limitation or tenderness
      - Abnormal: tenderness and a hard band to palpation with temporal arteries; crepitation, limited ROM, or tenderness
  - - - note facial expressions and their appropriatness to behavior or reported mood;
        
        Abnormal: hostility or agression; tense rigid muscles, flat affect
      - Features should be symmetric
        
        Abnormal: asymmetry
      - Note any abnormal facial structures or abnormal swelling; any involuntary movements
        
        Abnormal: Edema; grinding of jaws, tics, fasciculation, excessive blinking
  - - - Abnormal: head tilt occurs with muscle spasm; rigid head and neck (arthritis)
    - - Note any limitation of movement during active motion
      - Ask to touch chin to chest, turn head right to left, touch ear to the shoulder (w/o elevating shoulders), extend head backward
    - - Palpate using a gentle circular motion
    - - Palpate for any tracheal shift
- - - - Snellen Eye Chart: lines of letters in decreasing size
        
        Abnormal findings: note hesitancy, squinting, leaning forward, misreading letters
      - Near Vision
        
        Abnormal findings: presbyopia (decrease in power of accommodation with aging, is suggested when the person moves the card farther away
        
        Tested with handheld vision screener with various sizes; normal result is 14/14
    - - Eyebrows: look for symmetry b/w the two eyes
      - Eyelids & Lashes
      - Eyeballs
      - Conjunctiva & Sclera
      - Lacrimal Apparatus
    - - Corneal Light Reflex (Hirschberg Test) symmetry of the corneas
      - Diagnostic Positions test
    - - Test Visual Fields
        
        Confrontation Test: loss of peripheral vision
- - - - Whispered Voice Test, Tuning Fork Test,
  - - - External Nose
      - Nasal Cavity
    - - Transillumination
- - - - color is the same pink as the oral mucosa
      - Tonsil grade: 1+(visible) 2+(halfway between the tonsillar pillars and uvula), 3+(touching the uvula); 4+(touching one another)
  - - - Lips
      - Teeth & gums
      - tongue
      - Bucal Mucosa
      - Palate