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PLATO, Theory of Ideas, Philosophy, Theory of Justice, Socrates, Plato on…
PLATO
- Background/ Context (Ancient Greece)
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a. F/o Political Philosophy #
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c. Plato v. Aristotle
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i. Bertrand Russell: P is teacher, A is product of P
iii. KP: One can be either Platonic, or anti-Platonic... never non-Platonic
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a. Republic
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iii. Utopian, Impractical, Highly Imaginative
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Theory of Ideas
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e. Plato is monist, A= Dualist
f. Middle path, Golden Mean, Moderation
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d. Universal, not particular
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- TK permanent, so has to be about permanent things
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- If Athens to become Virtuous, led by K
- "Asto Ma Sadagayama" Ancient Indian Wisdom
- TK can be known by human mind
- Significance? Foundational phil of P
- Context: ...discussing ToK #
Philosophy
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- Ontology: Study of reality
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- Epistemology: Theory of K
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- Metaphysics: Structure/ Org. of reality
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- Evolution (influences on P)
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b. Humanist
i. Sophist
- pvt. teachers for rich & powerful
- 1st pol. teachers
- Money & power
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- Rhetoric
- Led to degradation of both Pol, Pvt life
- Moral anarchy
- Radical
- Gorgias: Ethical Nihilism
- Protagoras: Ethical relativism
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Theory of Justice
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- Context: Pol. situation of Athens
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Socrates
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a. Ethics
i. Branch of Phil.
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- Society cannot exist w/o Ethics
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- Theory of Knowledge = Base for Plato
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b. Virtue is Knowledge
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iii. Start w/ Self Doubt
- Critical exam of beliefs
- Contradictions/ shortcomings
- Elenchus/ Dialectics
- Theses > Anti-Thesis > Synthesis
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