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Neglected tropical diseases - Coggle Diagram
Neglected tropical diseases
A diverse group of communicable diseases prevalent in tropical and subtropical conditions affect more than one billion people. The most affected populations are those living in poverty, without adequate sanitation and in close contact with pathogens.
Parasite
Onchocerciasis (river blindness)
Onchocerca volvulus
Transmitted by repeated bites of infected blackflies
Schistosomiasis (Bilharzia)
They penetrate the skin during contact with infested water.
Urogenital schistosomiasis is caused by Schistosoma haematobium and intestinal schistosomiasis by any of the organisms S. guineensis, S. intercalatum, S. mansoni, S. japonicum, and S. mekongi.
Lymphatic filariasis (Elephantiasis)
Transmitted through the bite of infected mosquitoes.
Wuchereria bancrofti
Foodborne trematode
Clonorchis, Opisthorchis, Fasciola y Paragonimus
Oral, consumption of contaminated food
Taeniasis and cysticercosis
Taenia solium
Oral, ingestion of raw or undercooked meat.
Echinococcosis
Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis
Fecal-oral, egg ingestion,
Dracunculiasis (guinea-worm disease)
Dracunculus medinensis
Oral, consumption of water contaminated with larvae-carrying copepod crustaceans.
Soil-transmitted helminthiases
Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Necator americanus y Ancylostoma duodenale
Oral, ingestion of contaminated vegetables and water. Children may play on the floor and put contaminated hands in their mouths.
Chagas disease
Tripanosoma cruzi
Vector: triatomine bugs
Transmitted when humans come into contact with faeces and/or urine of infected blood-sucking triatomine bugs.
Human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness)
Trypanosoma brucei
Transmission requires the interaction of humans, tsetse flies and parasite reservoirs.
Leishmaniasis
Leishmania
Transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected female phlebotomine sandfly.
Scabies
Sarcoptes scabiei var. Hominis
The microscopic mite burrows mite burrows into the skin and lays its eggs.
Bacteria
Trachoma
Chlamydia trachomatis
Person-to-person through contact with exudates from the mucous membranes of infected persons during sexual intercourse (vaginal, anal or oral). It can also occur through the birth canal.
Yaws (Endemic treponematoses)
Treponema pertenue
By direct (person-to-person) contact with exudate from the lesions of an infected person.
Leprosy (Hansen's disease)
Mycobacterium leprae
Through inhalation of contaminated aerosols.
Buruli ulcer
The exact mode of transmission is not yet known
Mycobacterium ulcerans
Viruses
Dengue
Flaviviridae
Aedes aegypti
Transmitted through the bite of infected mosquitoes.
Chikungunya
Flaviviridae
Aedes aegypti y Aedes albopictus
Transmitted through the bite of infected mosquitoes.
Rabies
Rhabdovividae
Lyssaviru
It is transmitted through contact with infected saliva by bites or scratches.
Fungi
Mycetoma, chromoblastomycosis and other deep mycoses
Eumycetoma
The infection is contracted by traumatic inoculation of certain fungi or bacteria into the subcutaneous tissue.
Bibliographic references
World Health Organization. (2021, 6 octubre). Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases. WHO. Recuperado 14 de octubre de 2021, de
https://www.who.int/teams/control-of-neglected-tropical-diseases