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Biology common task 1 - Coggle Diagram
Biology common task 1
natural selection and classification
evolution
gradual change in the characteristics of a species over time
Darwin developed the theory of evolution by natural selection
Darwin's theory of natural selection
genetic variations in the individuals of a speices
the environment may change and there may be competition amongst individuals
The variations amongst organism may make some individuals better suited to the changed environment and more likely to survive
the Survivors live long enough to reproduce and pass on their beneficial alleles to their offspring
This is repeated over a long period of time and a new species evolves with all the individuals having the beneficial alleles
Can be applied to how some bacteria have become resistant to antibiotics
Fossils
Ardi from 4.4 million years ago
Lucy from 3.2 million years ago
Leakey's discovery of fossils from 1.6 million years ago
tools as evidence of human evolution
How tools have developed over time
These stones can be dated by looking at the rocks they were found in.
kingdoms
organism can be classified into 5 kingdoms
animals (with nucleus)
fungi (with nucleus)
protists (with nucleus)
prokaryotes (no nucleus)
living organisms can also be classified into 3 domains
bacteria (no nucleus)
archaea (no nucleus)
Eukarya (with a nucleus)
selective breeding
Choosing a male and female with the desired characteristic
cross breeding them or cross pollinating them if a plant
Looking at the offspring and only cross breeding those with the desired characteristics
repeating over many generations until offspring show the desired offspring
Desired characteristics
resistance to a disease
increased yield of mass of crop, meat ,eggs or milk
Farm animals with a docile nature
genetic engineering making humans insulni
I know genetic engineering:
use genes cut of from chromosomes of an organism restriction enzymes
cutting leaves stands of DNA with stick ends
The gene is inserted into a vector using a ligase enzyme. The vector may be bacterial plasmid.
The vector is inserted into the required gene into required cells may be bacterial, animal, plant or fungi
The genes are transferred to the cells, at an early stage of development for example the eff or embryo
Cut out a gene from another element and then inserting it into the gene of the thing animal.