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18th Century - Coggle Diagram
18th Century
Society
Estates system
Enlightenment thinkers wanted to introduce reforms
Nobility and Clergy
Opposed to any changes that will affect
Enlightened despots criticised the economic power
Bourgeoisie
Enlightenment ideas
Value of work
Individual effort
Peasants
Living conditions did not improve
Supplement their income by working in the domestic system
Social reforms in Spain
Carlos III said to eliminate the legal dishonour of labour
Nobility could now work for a living
Esquilache Riots
Wanted to prohibit traditional long capes and wide-brimmed hats
In 1767 the Jesuits were expelled from Spain
Economy
Harvests improved
New agricultural techniques
New crops
Craft production
Population growth caused an increase in demand
Systems of production
Domestic system
Peasants made products in their own homes
Sold them to merchants
Royal manufacturers
Produced various luxury goods
Large workshops
Economic reforms in Spain
Growth in the 18th century
Most important reforms
Agriculture
Canals were built to facilitate irrigation
Uninhabited areas were colonised
Craft production
Royal manufacturers
Textile production in Cataluña
Trade
Internal customs duties were abolished
Free trade with America
Science
Physics and geology
In 1788 James Hutton established geology as a science
In 1750 Benjamin Franklin invented the lightning rod
In 1714 Gabriel Fahrenheit improved the mercury thermometer
Medicine
In 1796 Edward Jenner discovered a vaccine for smallpox
In 1747 it was discovered that eating lemons prevented scurvy
In 1733 Stephen Hales measured blood pressure in animals
Art
Rococo Art
What was?
Exuberant forms and elaborate decoration
Aesthetic tastes of the nobility
Aristocratic style of art that was popular in Europe
Architecture
Interiors were elaborately decorated
Curves
Seashells
Floral elements
Painting
Pastel colours were used to depict rural festivals and domestic scenes
Sculpture
Small
Joyful and mythological themes