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Ultradian rhythms - Coggle Diagram
Ultradian rhythms
Evaluation
Strength
The research into ultradian rhythms can be praised for being conducted in controlled laboratory setting .
For example
Research looking at the stages of sleep use EEG and ERP mechanises to measure the waves occurring in the brain.
- This is a strength because research done ca n be seen to produce scientific and objective measures that allow research to draw firm conclusions about the specific characteristics associated with the different stages of sleep — ie: brain activity and eyes actives, which increased internal validity.
Weaknesses
First weakness
Due to the fact that research is conducted in the control setting of a laboratory, the sleep environment can be criticised for its artificial nature.
For example
Sleep research involves individuals sleeping under circumstances that do not reflect their ‘tpyical’ nights sleep . Participants sleep with electrodes atttached to their and are woken up a numbers of times and in a lab rather than their own rooms.
This is a weakness because the research can be criticised for lacking econolgical validity and not reflecting an individuals true sleep behaviour.
Second weakness
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- This is a weakness because the findings from this research only tells us about the sleep stages patterns of males.
Penates are physiologically different to males .
Therefore, it could be the case that female sleep patterns are different —- the idea that this cycle is an average and everyone is different therefore, it does notn represented all the population’s sleepy cycle.
Strength
Ericsson et al 2006
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Found
Practice session were usually limited to no more than 90 mins, systematically distributed throughout the day,.
Violinists frequently nap to recover from practice. Same pattern found among other musicians and athletes.
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Measuring sleep stages
- With the development of certain scientific equipment, it became possible to stud sleep more objectively.
- The EEGs measure electrical brain activity.
The EOG measures eye movement.
- The EMG measures muscle tension.
Dement & Kleitman 1957
Used EEGs to identify the systematic changes in brain waves that occur at regular intervals during sleep.
Producer
Used nine male participants for up to 61 nights in a laboratory, they found two distinct kinds of sleep
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They found…
- That sleep is an active state that is made up of a number of different identifiable stages and that the average time spent in one Ultradia cycle was approximately 90 minutes.
- When they woke the participants during REM, 79% of the time a dream was reported.
- When woken up from NREM only 7% reported dreaming when they worm up.
- They concluded that the cycle of sleep are made up of alternate cycle of NREM and REM sleep.
Quick overview
REM
- Upper part of the graph
- Dreaming phase
Deep sleep
- Brianwaves slow - delta waves.
- Breathing and heart rate decrease.