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Summary of the uses of 'ut' - Coggle Diagram
Summary of the uses of 'ut'
Indicative Verb
Translation: ut = as, when
ubi Cincinnatus domum revenit, agrum,
ut civis
, coluit.
ille,
ut dixi
, ad forum non venit.
Subjunctive Verb
w/ Indirect Speech
Indirect Command
Recognition: Introduced by 'commanding' verbs
oro, rogo, hortor, impero, moneo, precor
Exceptions:
iubeo, veto
→ lead to infinitives
Definition: Command given indirectly. (Reported Command)
Translation: e.g. me imperavit ut urbem festinarem. (normally translated w/ infinitives
Negative: 'commanding verb' + ne
Other uses in subordinate Clauses
Result clause
Definition: Subordinate clause which expresses the natural consequence (result) of the main clause.
Recognition:
ita, sic, tot, tantus, totiens, adeo, talis
Translation: so .... that ...
The car was so fast he died. .
plaustrum tam celer erat ut mortuus est.
Negative: ut
nothing = ut ... nihil
no one = ut ... nemo
never = ut ... numquam
not = ut ... non
Fearing Clause
Definition: A subordinate clause expressing a fear of the speaker
Recognition: vereor, timeo, metus, timor
Translation
e.g. vereor ne Carthaginienses nostros vincant.
I fear that the Carthaginians may conquer our men.
Negative: expressed with 'ut'
timeo ut pater vivat
I fear that father may not live.
Origin Fearing Clauses - A statetement of fear and a wish in parataxis.
Vereor! Ne Carthaginienses nostros vincant. (Optative)
e.g. vereor ne Carthaginienses nostros vincant.
timeo! ut(utinam) pater vivat!
timeo ut pater vivat.
Purpose Clause
Definition: Subordinate clause which expresses the purpose of the main verb/action.
Recognition: "
ut
" & context
Translation: in order to, so .. that... to...
e.g. Athenas ambulavit ut fanum Apollonis viseret.
Negative: ne ...
never = ne ... umquam
no one = ne... quis (aliquis)
nothing = ne ... quid (aliquid)