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Emma J Cervantes Skeletal System …
Emma J Cervantes
Skeletal System Per 6
Types of bones
Short bone-
Examples:bones that make up the wrists and the ankles.
Flat bone-
Examples:ribs, shoulder blades, breast bone and skull bones.
Long bone-
Examples: bones of the arms and legs
Irregular bone-
Examples: bones of the spine (vertebrae).
Names of all bones
Skull
- Cranium
Ethmoidal
- light spongy cubical bone of the skull
Frontal
- forehead
Parietals
- walls of a bodily cavity or similar structure.
Temporals
- Side of skull
Occipital
- back of head
Sphenoidal
- butterfly-shaped compound bone at the base of the skull
Spine
- vertebral column
Cervical
- neck
Thoracic
- 12 vertebrae, dorsal
Lumbar
- between the thoracic vertebrae above and the sacrum
Sacrum
- triangular bone situated near the lower end of the spinal column
Coccyx
- Tailbone
Bone remodeling
Reversal
Formation
Resorption
Quiescence
Activation
Anatomy of the long bone-
Endosteum-
cavity lined with thin layer of cells
Bone marrow-
cavity filled with a certain type of connective tisssue
Periosteum-
tough layer of connective tissue that covers the bone, ligament, and tendons
Compact bone-
a tightly packed tissue that makes up the wall of the diaphysis
Diaphysis-
shaft of the bone
Spongy bone-
has many branching bony plates and trabeculae
Articular cartilage-
covers epiphysis
Epiphyses-
Ends of bones that form joints with adjacent bones
Thorax
-Chest
Sternum
- Breastbone
Thoracic cage-
rib cage
legs and feet
Fibula-
the outer and usually smaller of the two bones between the knee and ankle in the hind or lower limbs
Tarsals
Tibia-
shin bone
Patella-
kneecap
Metatarsals-
between the tarsals and the phalanges
femur-
thigh bone
Phalanges-
any of the bones of the fingers or toes
Brachium
-Arms
Clavicle
- collar bone
Humerus
- the long bone of the upper arm or forelimb
Radius and Ulna
Scapula
- shoulder blade
Hands
- broad palm
metacarpals
- a bone of the part of the hand or forefoot between the carpus and the phalanges
Phalanges
- any of the bones of the fingers or toes
Carpals
- Wrist bones
Pelvis-
wide curved bones between the spine and the leg bones.
ilium/ iscium
-Hip Bones
Bone fracture repair
Blood spread through the broken area and causes blood clots
new blood forms in the the closest area of spongy bone
When bones break it cause your blood vesseld to rupture and can cause your periosteum to tear
Granulation tissue develops
Compound/Open Fracture-
bone is exposed by an opening created in the skin
Blood clots are removed as well as any dead/damaged cells
Fracture-
break in bone
Fibrocartilage eventually fills the gap between the broken are of the bone
Joints
Fribrous joints-
type of joint where the bones are joined by strong fibrous tissue rich in collagen. Ex: sutures of the skull, between tibia and fibula
Cartilaginous Joints-
type of joint where the bones are entirely joined by cartilage, Ex: Pubis, joint between the sternal body and the manubrium, intervertebral discs.
Synovial Joints-
most common type of joints in the body. Ex:
Ball and socket joint-
shoulder joint,
hinge joint-
knee,
pivot joint
- between C1 and C2 vertebrae of the neck,
saddle joint-
between the trapezium carpal bone and the first metacarpal bone,
Movements allowed by Synovial Joints
Rotation-
movement around axis
Circumduction
circular path
Plantar flexion-
ankle movement away from shin
Pronation-
rotation of forearm, move palm down/ posteriorly
Dorisflexion-
ankle movement closer to shin
Supination-
rotation forearm, move palm upward/ anteriorly
Adduction-
toward midline
Inversion-
turning sole of foot medially
Abduction-
away from midline
Eversion-
turning sole of foot laterally
Hyper extension-
Straighten beyond natural position
Protraction-
part moves forward
Lateral Flexion-
head, neck, truck
Elevation-
raise part of body
Extension-
increase in angle
Depression-
to lower part of body
Flexion-
decrease in angle
differences between male and female skeleton
Male-
males tend to have a rougher and thicker structure, the reason for this is because males have a larger muscle structure and body type
Female-
A females skeletal structure can be much smoother that males
Fractures
Transverse-
occurs when a bone breaks at a 90-degree angle to the long axis of the bone.
Spiral-
break happens diagonally across a bone that is longer than it is wide.
Greenstick-
occurs when a bone bends and cracks
Fissured-
a crack extending from a surface into, but not through, a long bone.
Communited-
bone is broken into more than two pieces.
Oblique-
occur at a plane oblique to the long axis of the bone.