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4. THE 18TH CENTURY: THE ENLIGHTENMENT, NAIA PEREZ ARETXABALA, image,…
4. THE 18TH CENTURY: THE ENLIGHTENMENT
Definition
An important intellectual movement and a new way of thinking that emerged in Europe during the 18th century
The main principles of Enlightenment
reason
science and technological progress
learning and teaching
equality and liberty
The Political Ideas of the Enlightnment
Voltaire
favoured a strong monarchy
Rousseau
introduced the idea of popular sovereignty
Montesquieu
argued for the separation of powers
3 branches of government (the legislative, executive and judicial branches) should be separate from one another
The Economic Ideas of the Enlightenment
Physiocracy is the belief that the wealth of a nation derives from its natural resources.
agriculture
absolute monarchs, should not intervene in the economy
secondary activities
craftsmanship and trade
NAIA PEREZ ARETXABALA
