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Concept Map: News Framing and Bias - Coggle Diagram
Concept Map: News Framing and Bias
2 Types of News Framing: Thematic and Episodic
Thematic News Framing: This type of framing takes in a wider scale approach to news presentation and the effects it has on society, the economy, and politics instead of the minute and the specific issue at hand.
Episodic News Framing: This form of news framing dials in the attention on those who are in conflict while putting both journalist and audience members at the center of the issue.
Types of Biases from Framing The Influence Machine Bias (Gladstone 2011)
Access Bias
This type of biasness is seen when journalists do not show the administrative source that they have used which leaves people without certainty of who the untold voice is.
Visual Bias
This bias shows how people become concerned over certain stories when there is a captivating image that hooks their attention.
Status Quo Bias
This is a type of bias that assumes life is better if it stays the same rather than seeking radical change. It also does not try to question political structure.
Narrative Bias
This type of bias involves news stories that leave out beginning information and endings where the missing parts can impact how the story is perceived by the audience.
Bad News Bias
This bias stems from the belief that all of the negative news reported creates a nastier world than the conditions that are taking place.
Fairness Bias
This bias creates a distorted view of two opposing sides where the media try to level views that are not equal. For instance, journalists try to group separate claims to more conservative perspective. The effect this has according to Gladstone, is “to evade the charge of liberal bias” (Gladstone, 2011, p. 69)
Connects to confirmation bias/false equivalence that reinforces our opinions. We want to evaluate accurate information which can result in bias views. This creates more bias and limited selection which does not take a wide range of angles, in the news.
Commercial Bias
This is when news organizations repeat stories that have already been reported.
Flaws of Framing in the News
Fragmentation
This flaw leaves out important information within the news story and provides a short summary of the story.
Dramatization
This flaw shows the stories that are picked primarily for popularity/drama and do not hold a significant impact on the public.
Personalization
When reporting on larger scale social concerns this flaw focuses more on an individual(s)
Normalization
This framing flaw creates a sense of problem-solving political issues that the story takes for current government systems. This connects to the Attribution of responsibility frame since both are seeking solutions from the government.
How do we define framing?
Framing according to “communicationtheory.org” takes in consideration “the communication aspect which leads to the people’s preference by consenting one meaning to another” (para 2). The information is presented by the news organization in a specific way that reflects one of the 5 Generic Frames of News.
https://www.communicationtheory.org/framing/
Framing Theory Observes the way in which the journalist chooses to present the story which is known as agenda-setting. Within the way the story is presented, graphics, interviews, and music are some of the elements taken into account to decide the particular framing.
There are four distinct types of Framing that can be found in (An, S., and Gower, K 2009) research on media frames.
Concept 2: Conflict frame
This framing counters conflicts off of different people or corporations involved.
Concept 3: Morality frame
This frame structure is shaped by journalists who tie the problem to specific “morals, social prescriptions and religious tenants” (An & Glower, 2009, 108).
Concept 1: Human interest frame
This framing ties an emotional angle towards a certain problem. The effect people gain from this is a more negative attitude towards the report.
Concept 4: Economic frame
This type of framing focuses on the economic consequences organizations/corporations/businesses/groups face due to a certain problem.
Concept 5: Attribution of responsibility frame
Attribution of responsibility frame - this is a frame that puts calls out the government/involved group of an issue to create a solution that resolves the problem.
https://academic.csuohio.edu/kneuendorf/c63309/ArticlesFromClassMembers/Johnny.pdf