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Enlightened despotism and the Bourbons
Enlightened despotism
It was a new form of government that developed in some European countries in the 18th century
Enlightened despots had this characteristics
They maintained their absolute power through centralised governments that implemented their policies
They appointed Enlightenment thinkers to important positions
They tried to make changes peacefull
Education
New laws
Examples of enlightened despots
Catherine the Great of Russia
Joseph II of Austria
Frederick II of Prussia
Carlos III of Spain
The 18th century in Spain
Political developments were the result of dynastic change
The Hapsburgs were replaced by the Bourbons
Became more centralised
Carlos II was the last Spanish king of the Hapsburg line
He died without heirs, creating a serious conflict over the succession
War of the Spanish Succession
Carlos II had named Philip of Anjou as his successor to the Spanish throne
Austria and Great Britain gave military support to Archduke Charles of Austria
The war ended with the Treaties of Utrecht and Rastatt
Austria gained lands from Spain
Philip of Anjou became Felipe V, King of Spain
Bourbon foreign policy
Spanish monarchs tried to recover the lands they had lost in the Treaties of Utrecht and Rastatt
Participating in international conflicts
Seven Years' War
Spain invariably allied with France against Great Britain
Family Compacts
