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Wholesome Nutrition - Coggle Diagram

- - - - 1/2 of the greenhouse gas emissions in this sector are caused by agriculture, of which the production of animal-based products such as meat and milk accounts for 85 % (corresponds to 44 % of total nutrition-related emissions), but it only contributes to 1/3 of the total energy intake
      - Plant-based foods accounts for only 15% (corresponds to 8% of total nutrition-related emissions) and it contributes to 2/3 of the total energy intake.
  - - - This is due to so-called ‘food transformation losses
  - - - The dietary changes are predicted to cause a much higher land use than the population growth
- - - - Production of animal-based foods requires also more financial resources, due to higher input costs (e.g. higher requirement of energy, fertiliser and working hours)
    - - Increase in the consumption of complex carbohydrates and the decrease of the consumption of fat, SFA, cholesterol and purines
      - Dietary fibre, which is only present in plant foods, increases satiety even though the energy content of plant foods is the same or reduced compared with animal-based foods
    - - 72% of greenhouse gas emissions in the nutrition sector are caused by animal-based and only 28% are caused by plant-based foods
      - The land use for the production of plant-based foods is distinctly less than for animal-based foods, because the conversion of plant products into animal products is often low-efficient
      - 1/3 of arable land is used for animal feed production, which competes with food production especially in regions where food insecurity already exists
    - - 60 years ago, meat used to be consumed about once week a week. Currently high meat consumption has become more and more normal, especially for men.
  - - - The greenhouse gas emissions of organic farms compared with conventional ones are lower by an average of about 25 %
      - Facilitates a greater build-up of humus, which absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere
    - - Organic foods can contain a higher amount of phytochemicals.
      - Usually they contain less pesticides, nitrates, animal medication and food additives.
      - Artificial colourings, sweeteners, stabilisers and flavour enhancers are prohibited in organic foods.
    - - Generally farmers get higher prices for organically grown food
      - Economic security on farms increases the number and security of obs through higher work intensity, farm-based processing and direct marketing.
    - - High standard organic farming generally does
        not use cheap feed imports from low-income countries
    - - More intense taste
  - - - Short distances from the farm to the consumers reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions
    - - They secure livelihoods through regional networks between farmers, processors, retailers and consumers
    - - Can contain more essential and health promoting substances, and generally contain fewer harmful residues such as nitrates and pesticides
    - - Can taste better because usually they have a prolonged ripening period.
  - - - Generally contain more essential and health-promoting substances and have a higher nutrient density and lower energy density
    - - Food processing needs a lot of energy
        and causes pollutant emissions
    - - Staple foods are generally cheaper than convenience products or fast food. Sweets, snacks and alcoholic beverages are more expensive.
    - - Food preparation with natural and fresh products is more ambitious and requires more time
    - - The purchase of minimally processed foods supports traditional, small craft enterprises or on-farm shops since highly processed foods are typically produced by big companies
  - - - Lead to higher income for
        producers in low-income countries
      - Fair prices contribute to their livelihood and create new workplaces in rural areas.
    - - Child labour as well as forced labour are excluded
    - - About 2/3 of Fair Trade products are produced with certified organic quality,
    - - Reduce the risk of exposure to potentialy harmful pesticides