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RENAISSANCE, villa capra builing villa capra (building concept and…

- - - - architects desinged buildings which found harmony in shapes and proportion, adapting to human ideals
    - - civil buildings (hospitals, palaces) gained importance
    - - Architects used columns imitatin Greek, Roman designs
    - - semi-circular arches
      - barrel vaults
      - domes
    - - aimed to createharmonius spaces
      - most important architects
        
        Brunelleschi (designed dome of Florence Cathedral)
        
        Alberti
    - - thanks to patronage of successive popes, most important works of architecture built in Rome
      - Bramante (designed most important building of century, St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican
  - - - drawing more important than colour
    - - position of figuresnot disrupt harmonious balance
    - - light was used depict ares of light and shadow
    - - atrists experimented with and developed techinque of perspective
    - - developed techniques of depth and perspective. (Masaccio, Piero della Francesa, Botticelli
    - - 16th century
      - Michelangelo's paintings examles of monumentality, master of depth
      - Raphael profilic painter
      - Different artistic school, Venetian School (Titan and Tintoretto)
  - - - marbel, bronce, wood
    - - Mitological/historical themes, portraits added to traditional religious themes
    - - two main froms
        
        Sculptures in the ground
        
        Relief sculptures
    - - beauty was characterized by balance
      - inspired by Ancient Greek and Roman approach
    - - florence importan because was centre of sculpture 15th
      - Ghiberti and Donatello important
      - Donatello excellent knowledge of human anatomy, created balanced sculptures of nudes with serene facial expressions
    - - 16th century, Rome became centre of sculpture
      - Greatest artist Michelangelo, was sculptor, architect and painter
      - Michelangerlo's works showed new developments in monumentality, style characterised by contained strength and expresivinessof figures
- - - - Plateresque style (catholic monarchs): developed 15th century, very detailed decorative patterns, which are reminiscent of work of blacksmiths and silversmiths. Carachteristics ornamentateed façade, main decorative motifs are shields, medallions and plant motifs (university of Salamanca)
      - Purist style (Carlos V): classical approach of Italian renaissance was followed. Carachteristics, classical architectural elements (semi-circular arches/ colums/ barrel vaults), classical decorative motifs (pediments/ pilasters) style of the Ionic and Doric orders, use of Italian-style (smooth-faced rustication at the base
      - Hererian style (Felipe II): named after architect Juan de Herrera and his building porject (San Lorenzo de el Escorial). Carachteristics, plain austere buildings (walls and façades were no longer decorated), classical architectural elements (columns/ arches/ vaults/ domes
    - - Sculptures by royal sculptors
        
        Italian influence most evident, used marbel and bronze
      - Funerary sculptures
      - Religious imagery (procesiones)
        
        Most original style was carving and painting on these icons (alonso berruguete, juan de juni and gaspar becerra)
        
        used polychrome wood to make figures look realistic
        
        arrangement of groups of figures in altarpieces
    - - Most importan painter (el greco). He trained on Italian peninsula, travelled to court of Felipe II, working on the Escorial's decoration. Main carachteristics of his paintings were
        
        Elongated figures
        
        Strong contrast of light (some ilumkinated areas, others in darkness)
        
        Bold, cold colours
        
        Loose brushstrokes