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Skeletal System, The bones and types, Types of Bones, Bone Remodeling,…
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The bones and types
Skull Bones
- Parietal
- Frontal
- temporal
- occipital
- Lacrimal
- Ethmoid
- Sephnoid
- Temporal
- Vomer
- Mandible
- maxilla
- palatine
- nasal
- zygomatic
- lacrimal
- vomer
- Hyoid
Spine & Chest
- Cervical Vertebrae
- Thoracic Vertebrae
- Lumbar Vertebrae
- Sacrum
- Coccyx
- Sternum
- True Ribs
- False ribs
- Floating Ribs
- Clavicle
- Scapula
Hand & Arm
- Humerus
- Radius
- Ulna
- Carpals
- Metacarpals
- phalanges
Leg, Foot, & Pelvis
- Hip Bone
- Sacrum
- Coccyx
- Femur
- Patella
- Fibula
- Tibia
- Calcaneus
- Tarsals
- Metatarsals
- Phalanges
Types of Bones
Long Bone: Femur/Humerus
Anatomy of long Bones:
- Epiphysis
- Diaphysis
- Articular Cartilage
- Epiphyseal line
- Spongy Bone
- Medullary Cavity
- Nutrient foramen
- Endosteum
- Periosteum
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Bone Remodeling
Activation:
Step 1: Pre-Osteoclasts are attracted to remodeling sites
- Pre-Osteoclasts fuse to form multi-nucleated osteoclasts
Resorption:
- Osteoclasts dig out a cavity (resorption pit) in spongy bone (or burrow a tunnel in compact bone)
- Calcium can be released into the blood for use in various body functions.
- Osteoclasts disappear.
Reversal:
- Mesenchymal stem cells appear along the burrow
- Proliferate and differentiate into pre-osteoblast
Formation:
- mature into osteoblasts at the surface of the burrow/pit
- release osteoid at the site, forming a new soft non-mineralized matrix
- The new matrix is mineralized with calcium and phosphorus
Joints
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Synovial Joints:
- Ball & Socket Joint: Movement of all directions
- HingeJolint: "open/close" in one direction on one plane
- Condyloid Joint: Allows for movement but no roatation
- Pivot Joint: One bone can swivel from another
- Gliding Joint: Limited Movement
- Saddle Joint: Back and forth movement from one side
Bone Fracture Repair
1.Hemtatoma Formation: Hematoma forms at the break
- Fibrocartliaginous Callus Formation: Fibrocartilaginous Callus forms
- Bony Callus Formation: Bony Callus forms
- Bone Remodeling: Remodeling and addition of compact
Female V. Male Skeleton
Females are usually smoother,
Males are rougher, thicker, and bumpier
because they have larger muscles and
require stronger attachment sites.
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