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AN OVERVIEW OF CHILD DEVELOPMENT - Coggle Diagram
AN OVERVIEW OF CHILD DEVELOPMENT
Exploring What
Development Is
The more you learn about children's development the more you will be able to understand at what level it is appropriate to teach them.
What is a person's "development"?
Development is the pattern of biological, cognitive and socioemotional changes that begins at conception and continues throughout life. begins at conception and continues throughout life.
Development and
Education
Rather than characterizing learners as "advanced," "average," and "slow," they "slow," they recognize that their development and ability are complex, and children often do not show the same children often do not show equal proficiency in different skills.
Processes and
Periods
Periods of Development
Biological processes:
produce changes in the child's body and underlie brain development, weight gain, motor skills, and the hormonal changes of puberty. motor skills and the hormonal changes of puberty.
Early childhood
(2–5 years)
Cognitive processes:
involve changes in the child's thinking, intelligence and language.
Prenatal Period ( conception to birth)
Infancy ( birth 18 to 24 months)
Socioemotional processes:
involve changes in the child's relationships with other people, changes in emotions and changes in personality.
Middle and
late childhood
(6 to 11 years)
Adolescence (10-12 to 18-21 years)
Developmental
Issues
Nature and Nurture
The question of nature and nurture involves the debate about whether development is primarily influenced by nature or nurture (Cosmides,
2011; Eagly and Wood, 2011).
Continuity and Discontinuity
The continuity-discontinuity issue focuses on
the extent to which development involves gradual, cumulative change (continuity) or distinct stages (discontinuity).
Early and Later Experience
The early-later experience issue focuses on the
degree to which early experiences (especially in infancy) or later experiences are the key determinants of the child’s development.
Evaluating the Developmental Issues
However, there is still spirited debate about how strongly development is influenced by each of these factors (Goldsmith, 2011; Phillips & Lowenstein, 2011).