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EPIDEMIOLOGY & BIOSTATISTICS CHAPTER 2 : TERMS USED IN EPIDEMIOLOGY…
EPIDEMIOLOGY & BIOSTATISTICS
CHAPTER 2 : TERMS USED IN EPIDEMIOLOGY INVESTIGATION
MIND MAP
THE EPIDEMIOLOGY TRIANGLE
AGENT
HOST
The host is an organism, usually human or animal, which are exposed and harbors the disease
Different people may have different reactions to the same agent.
There are
4 factors
of host:
Demographic
Biological
Socio-economic
Lifestyle
ENVIRONMENT
There are
3 factors
of environment:
Physical
Biological
Psycho-social
TIME
Most infectious diseases have an incubation period, between when the host is infected and when disease symptoms occur.
The
agent
is the cause of the disease:
Bacteria, virus, protozoa, fungi
Chemicals (solvents), Radiation, heat, natural toxins (snake or spider venom)
There are
6 types
of agents:
Biological
Physical
Chemical
Mechanical
Nutritional
Social
The 4
factors
contribute to the outbreak of a disease
Role of the host
Agent
Environmental circumstances
Time
EPIDEMIOLOGY TERMS
Disease
: a response by a living organism to form invasion by a foreign substance/injury which causes an alteration of normal functioning.
Pathogens
: organisms such as bacteria, viruses, or parasites that are capable of producing diseases
Pathogenesis
: the development, production, or process of generating a disease
Pathogenicity
: the potential ability and strength of a pathogenic substance to cause disease
LEVELS OF DISEASE
Diseases have a range of seriousness, effect, duration, severity, and extent and are classified into 3 levels:
Acute
: severe of short duration, and often treatable. usually, the patient either recovers or dies.
Subacute
: intermediate in severity and duration, having some acute aspects to the disease for longer duration and with a degree of severity. The patient is expected to eventually heal.
Chronic
: less severe but long or continuous duration, lasting over a long time period, if not a lifetime. The patient may not fully recover and the disease can get worse over time. Life not immediately threatened, but maybe over the long term
MUHAMMAD SAIFUL ISLAM BIN BAHARUDIN
(012021071984)
KESAVAN SUPPIAH
(012021021498)