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Chromosomes, Genes, and DNA, image, image, image, https://www.youtube…
Chromosomes, Genes, and DNA
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- Chromosomes = thread-like structure that carries genetic information (genes).
- DNA = a double helix structure, containing sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous bases.
- Gene = found in 3% of DNA that contain genetic information.
- Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins = images of DNA (X-ray crystallography).
- James Watson and Francis Crick = building models of the double helix structure.
Nucleotide: sugar(deoxyribose), phosphate group, and nitrogenous bases.
Nitrogenous bases: (A) Adenine, (T) Thymine, (C) Cytosine, and (G) Guanine.
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Base-pairing rule of DNA:
- (A) adenine - (T) thymine
- (G) guanine - (C) cytosine.
--> Hidrogen bonds
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Transcription = DNA --> RNA (mRNA)
Base-pairing rules in transcription
- (G) guanine - (C) cytosine
- (A) adenine - (U) uracil
- The Thymine in DNA will pair with Adenine in mRNA
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- In the ribosomes, 3 triplet bases --> 1 amino acid (using tRNA).
- The chain of amino acid will fold --> protein.
Phenotype = the protein makes human's phenotype. For example, blonde hair.
Main uses of protein: enzymes, hormones, and structural proteins.
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