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Cognitive Approach - Coggle Diagram
Cognitive Approach
Evaluation
The Cognitive Approach is shown to lack external validity. This is because it cannot exactly replicate our brains own conditions and circumstances. For example, you cannot create a condition where the brain must sort through memories to bring up during a conversation in a lab. We use artificial stimuli in labs. This means we can only infer from what we can study and replicate.
The Cognitive Approach is often seen as founded on soft determinism. Soft determinism means that we are free and unconstrained yet act in our own best interests and that the environment has an effect, to an extent, on our behaviours. Soft determinism is the more popular approach among psychologists and this re-in forces the Cognitive Approaches position in the scientific and psychological communities.
The Cognitive Approach is seen as scientific and accredited throughout the scientific community. This is shown in its highly controlled and rigorous method and controlled lab experiments. This means that the researchers can infer with more certainty and accuracy.
The Cognitive Approach is a huge section of a world leading science that is inciting breakthroughs across the science community such as AI and CBT. Amongst its positives are some negatives such as the intense reductionism across the approach and its lack of connection or research to ecological and genetic factors. On the other hand, many argue that the intense scientific methods and high compatibility with technology mean it is the way forward for psychology and humans study of the mind.
Machine Reductionism is a limitation as it views us as a 'thinking machine' but this has been criticised for ignoring the influence of human emotion on behaviour such as the influence of anxiety on eyewitness testimony.
The computer model
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The Computational Model = The mind is compared to a computer - suggests similarities in the way information is processed
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Schema
Schema = packages of ideas & information developed through experience. - act as a mental framework for the interpretation of incoming information
E.G. schema of a chair? - helps you to respond appropriately to the object
Babies are born with simple motor schema for innate behaviours, e.g. sucking, grasping
Our schema become more detailed & sophisticated as we grow
Schema can distort our interpretations of sensory information,
Leading to perceptual errors
Assumptions
Internal mental processes can be studied scientifically
Investigates areas of human behavior neglected by behaviorists, Memory, perception, attention and thinking. (Processes which are private & cannot be observed). Studied indirectly by making inferences about
what’s going on inside the mind on the basis of
behavior.
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The rat-man (Bugelski & Alampay, 1962)
2 groups of participants were shown a sequence of pictures, either a number of different faces or a number of different animals. They were then shown the ambiguous figure of the ‘rat-man’.
Participants who saw the faces were more likely to perceive the figure as a man, whereas those who had seen animals perceived the figure as a rat.
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