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Transport systems in organisms - Coggle Diagram
Transport systems in organisms
movement of molecules
Diffusion
It is the movement of molecules from a higher concentration to a lower concentration.
Examples(plant): Mineral salts moving in and out of the plant cells, exchange of gases in a leaf during photosynthesis
Examples(body):Digested food molecules are absorbed in the small intestine.
osmosis(Type of diffusion)
It is the net movement of water molecules from a region of higher water potential to a region of a lower water potential.
The need for a transport system
To distribute useful substance and ensure a quick way to remove waste generated from the body outside the cell.
Unicellular organisms
Don't need a transport system because made of only one cell.
Can obtain useful materials and remove waste quickly through simple diffusion
Our cells have no direct contact with the outside world. As a result, we can't get useful substances or get rid of waste through simple diffusion.
The heart
The heart chamber
Right and left atrium
Right and left ventricle
Left ventricle pumps blood to the rest of body
Function:It has to pump the blood further around the body, and against higher pressure, compared with the right ventricle.
It has the thickest wall to exert the highest pressure to pump the blood to the rest of body
Your right is the heart left
A funnel-shaped,hollow and a powerful muscular organ
Function: pump blood to all parts to the body.
Main blood vessel
Vein(veins)
Carry blood towards the heart
Valves:help prevent a back flow of blood and ensure the blood flows in one direction.
blood is returned back to the heart at very Low pressure- we named them ‘Veins’
capillary(capillaries)
allows the exchange of materials between the blood and tissue cells
The capillary has a one cell wall allows diffusion and osmosis
The capillaries' thin walls allow oxygen and nutrients from the blood to reach the tissues, as well as waste products from the tissues to reach the blood.
Blood is passed through every cell in the body
Artery(Arteries)
Carry blood away from the heart
the blood is oxygenated which carry blood away from the heart to the lungs to become oxygenated.
Arteries have the thickest muscular walls among the blood vessels
Because blood is flowing at a higher pressure as it needs to the rest of the bodies.
All arteries carry oxygenated blood excepted for the pulmonary artery(P.A.)
PA that carriers deoxygenated blood out from the heart to the lungs to be oxygenated
the four blood components
Red blood cell
transport oxygen from our lungs to the rest of our bodies.
White blood cell
help the body fight infection and other diseases
Blood plasma
Take nutrients, hormones, and proteins to the parts of the body that need it.
Carbon dioxide is transported in the blood plasma to the lungs
Platelets
form clots and stop or prevent bleeding
Double circulation
When blood flows in one complete circulation in the body, it passes through the heart twice.
Hence, the human circulatory system is also called the double circulation.
Systemic circulation
Blood flowing away between the heart and the rest of the body
Pulmonary circulation
Blood flowing between the heart and the lungs.
Plants transport system
The tubes
Xylem(water)
transports water and mineral salts from the roots up to other parts of the plant
Function:These increase the surface area so that the water and mineral can be absorbed into the plant at a faster speed.
Absorption of material salt
When soil has a high concentration of dissolve mineral salts than inside the root hair cells, the mineral salts will enter the root hair cells by diffusion
It tissues are made up of dead cells and have thick cellulose wall with lignin
It is a hollow vessel to allow more water to travel
Provides strength and support to the plant.
Phloem(food)
transports sucrose and amino acids between the leaves and other parts of the plant.
Consists of living cells and transport food
Arrangement of xylem and phloem in roots, stem and leaves
Roots
The roots have root hair.
Example:How water enters a plant form soil to reach the leaves of the plant
soil to root hair cell
Water enters the root hair cell via osmosis
Since water potential is lower in cell and higher in the soil
Root hair cell to another hair cell
When water enters the root cell it increase its water potential becomes higher via osmosis
the cells will using osmosis till the xylem vessel to pass water molecules