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Acute Pneumonia Topic: Oxygenation - Coggle Diagram
Acute Pneumonia Topic: Oxygenation
Labs
Chest X-Ray, Sputum Samples, Blood Culture
Risk Factors
Age
Impaired gag reflex/loss of cough reflex
Smoking
Antibiotic use
Diabetes mellitus
Viral infections
Immunocompromised
Intubation
Chronic bronchitis
Interventions
IV fluids, elevate HOB, TCDB, Incentive Spirometer.
Complications
Death, septic shock, empyema, lung abscess, respiratory failure, pneumothorax, right sided heart failure, pleural effusion, hemolytic anemia.
Pathophysiology
There is an introduction of organisms into the upper airway. These organisms surpass the body's defense mechanisms such as the glottis and the cough reflex.
The organisms begin to multiply and colonize the epithelium. As the organisms progress to the distal tracts, cytokines are released to activate the inflammatory immune response.
The alveoli and bronchioles become inflamed during the process. As the microorganisms and phagocytic cells are broken down, debris and exudate form, leading to impaired gas exchange.
Symptoms
Dyspnea, fever, sputum production, tachypnea, crackles/wheezing, myalgia, orthopnea, SOB, AMS, pleuritic pain.