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Pneumonia - Coggle Diagram
Pneumonia
Collaborative Interventions
VTE prophylaxis
High calorie high protein diet
Chest physiotherapy
Positioning to prevent aspiration
Mechanical ventilation for respiratory failure
Bed rest initially; early mobilization
Airway maintenance
Humidified oxygen therapy
Antibiotics for specific pathogen
IV fluids
Drainage of pleural effusion or lung abscess
Pain meds & antipyretics
Vaccinations (esp. those without a spleen)
Risk Factors
Antibiotic
DM
Immunocompromised
Chronic bronchitis
Damage ciliated endothelium
Viral infections
Loss of cough reflex
Older age
Immobility
Hx of smoking
Transmission from health care providers
Signs & Symptoms
Fever & malaise
Crackles
Dyspnea
Tachypnea
Shaking & chills
Sudden onset
Pleuritic pain
Productive cough
Cyanosis
Muscular fatigue & aches
Headaches & mood swings
Etiology & Pathophysiology
Further ventilation, secretions, or blood spreads the organism to the lungs and consolidates there
Classifies by: etiology, location in the lungs, and type (community acquired, health care associated, hospital acquired, ventilation associated, aspiration related)
Cytokines are released, resulting in inflammation in the lungs, which may damage the lung tissue
Caused by various microorganisms: mycobacteria, bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi
Debris from the damaged lunch tissue loosens and puss and fluid build up in the alveoli, resulting in alveolar edema
Acute lung infection that impairs gas exchange
Air cannot enter the fluid-filled alveoli, resulting in hypoxia and dyspnea
Microorganism enters the airway and colonizes within the epithelium
Complications
Abscess
Respiratory failure
Lung collapse
Pleural effusion
Empyema
Bacteremia
Hypoxemia
WORST= death
Labs & Diagnostics
Blood cultures tests (positive for causative organism)
WBC and differentials
Chest X-Ray (patchy, interstitial, lobar infiltrates)
ABGs (hypoxemia)
Sputum culture (identify infecting organism)