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VIBRIO BACTERIA IN FLORIDA - Coggle Diagram
VIBRIO BACTERIA IN FLORIDA
microorganisms
organisms that cannot be seen with the naked eye
<1% to 5% of all bacteria found in a seawater sample can be Vibro species
"good"vibrio: Vibrio fischeri provides bioluminescence to Hawaiian bobtail squid
The "bad and ugly" Vibrio
V. vulnificus
acquired by ingesting contaminated shellfish
acquired by exposure of an open wound to seawater with high concentrations of V vulnificus
V. parahaemolyticus
acquired by ingesting contaminated shellfish/oysters
V. cholerae
causes acute, diarrheal illness
acquired by ingesting contaminated shellfish or water; rare in USA
V. vulnificus infections
necrotizing fasciitis; "flesh-eating" disease
most common association for vulnificus
gastroenteritis; "food poisoning"
commonly associated with eating raw oysters
people with pre-existing conditions are 80x more likely to develop systemic (bloodstream) V. vulnificus infections
Factors associated with high levels of pathogenic Vibrio
generally thought to be high in warm and brackish water
"sediment resuspension (caused by wind) and run off driven loading (caused by rain) coupled with warm temperatures [may] lead to pathogenic outbreaks"
"it is reasonable to assess whether HABS may be vectors that augment Vibrio bloom formation"
Studies
Mark Prousalis used molecular detection method and did quantitative PCR on DNA at four stations and twenty dates on Indian Bayou
plate method--CHROMagar Vibrio--selective and differential growth medium for the cultivation, isolation, and differentiation of Vibrio
confirmed using end-point PCR with primers specific to DNA sequences of Vv and Vp
Escambia County Vibrio survey: Winter 2020
conducted over a short period to prevent time of year/temperature from being a variable
44 locations sampled
conducted to assess "baseline" levels
samples collected via ponar grab and bucket cast
results:
Vv and Vp present in most sampled sites
spatially, large vatriation in Vibrio densities in surface waters but abundances of both species were strongly correlated with maximum prior cumulative wind speeds, suggesting resuspension was important
next steps: examine DNA samples preserved from the same winter 2020 water samples already examined by culture method