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Teaching English to Young Learners - Coggle Diagram

- - - - The sensori-motor stage
      - The pre-operational stage
      - The concrete operational stage
      - The formal operational stage
  - - - There is a phase in the development of an organism during which particular behaviors and cognitive functions must be acquired, and if the period is missed, then acquisition of the behaviors and functions will be severely impaired
        and may, in fact, not be acquired at all.
      - The hypothesis argues that for high-level mastery of a foreign
        language, study should be embarked upon before the onset of puberty. At around this time, a process
        of brain lateralization occurs in which the language function becomes localized to the left side of the
        brain. After this time, it has been argued, native-like mastery of another language is virtually impossible (Penfield & Roberts, 1958)
    - - Adult learners have an initial advantage where rate of learning is concerned, but they will
        eventually be overtaken by child learners if they get enough exposure to the L2.
      - Only child learners are capable of acquiring a native-like accent
      - Children may be more likely to acquire a native grammatical competence
      - Children are likely to reach higher levels of attainment in pronunciation and grammar than
        adults
      - The process of acquiring an L2 grammar is not substantially affected by age, but this is not the
        case for pronunciation.
  - - - The use of code-switching
        or code-mixing
      - Plurilingualism [...] describes the process of shifting back
        and forth between languages to achieve shared communicative goals