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Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (Oxygenation) - Coggle Diagram
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (Oxygenation)
Patho/etiology
pulmonary insult causes inflammation response, neutrophil accumulation causing damage and disrupting coagulation pathways
neutrophils release proteases and cytokines increasing vascular permeability
fibroblasts and collagen reduce pulmonary compliance, disrupting ventilation (stiffness is hallmark)
increased permeability causes pulmonary edema, loss off surfactant and alveolar collapse
Hypoxic vasoconstriction increases pulmonary arterial pressure, can lead to RV HF
rapid onset
S&S
profoun dyspnea
hypoxemia unresponsive to O2 treatment
tachypnea
increased WOB (accessory muscle use)
diffuse bilateral infiltrates
No cardiac involvement
Altered mental status
Complications
Respiratory failure
multisystem organ failure
death (>60% mortality)
stress ulcers r/t ventilation
lung collapse
lung scarring
PTSD
decreased quality of life
pneumonia (ventilator)
renal failure
barotrauma (peep damage to alveoli)
Risk Factors
PNA
Sepsis
Aspiration
Trauma
labs/diagnostics
CXR
Differential/ r/o asthma, HF, PNA, COPD
ABG
CBC
CT
echo
PA wedge
Collaborative Treatment
mostly supportive care
ventilator with PEEP (low tV)
lay prone
cautious fluid administration
broad spectrum antibiotics
corticosteroids early in treatment
low molecular weight heparin to prevent DVT
pH neutralizer (ranitidine) to prevent stress ulcers
enteral tube feeding
sedation
early mobilization