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Seperation Methods - Yousif Mahoozi 10S - Coggle Diagram
Seperation Methods - Yousif Mahoozi 10S
Filtration:
DEFENITION
: If a substance does not dissolve in a solvent, we say that it is insoluble. For example, sand does not dissolve in water – it is insoluble.
EXAMPLE:
The most common example is making tea. While preparing tea, a filter or a sieve is used to separate tea leaves from the water. Through the sieve pores, only water will pass. The liquid which has obtained after filtration is called the filtrate; in this case, water is the filtrate.
RESULT/OUTCOME:
the sand stays behind in the filter paper (it becomes the residue)
the water passes through the filter paper (it becomes the filtrate)
Chromatography
DEFINITION
: Paper chromatography is a method for separating dissolved substances from one another. It is often used when the dissolved substances are coloured, such as inks, food colourings and plant dyes. It works because some of the coloured substances dissolve in the solvent used better than others, so they travel further up the paper.
A pure substance will only produce one spot on the chromatogram during paper chromatography. Two substances will be the same if they produce the same colour of spot, and their spots travel the same distance up the paper. In the example below, red, blue and yellow are three pure substances. The sample on the left is a mixture of all three.
Simple Distillation
DEFENITION:
Simple distillation is a method for separating the solvent from a solution. For example, water can be separated from salt solution by simple distillation. This method works because water has a much lower boiling point than salt. When the solution is heated, the water evaporates. It is then cooled and condensed into a separate container. The salt does not evaporate and so it stays behind.
Evaporation
DEFENITION:
Evaporation is used to separate a soluble solid from a liquid. For example, copper sulfate is soluble in water – its crystals dissolve in water to form copper sulfate solution. During evaporation, the water evaporates away leaving solid copper sulfate crystals behind.
EXAMPLE:
The melting of an ice cube is an example of evaporation. Evaporation of acetone which is used for removing nail paint is another everyday example of evaporation.
Fractional Distillation
DEFINITION:
Fractional distillation is a method for separating a liquid from a mixture of two or more liquids. For example, liquid ethanol can be separated from a mixture of ethanol and water by fractional distillation. This method works because the liquids in the mixture have different boiling points. When the mixture is heated, one liquid evaporates before the other.
