History of linguistics
The antiquity
The middle ages
The renaissance
The greek tradition
The philosophers Greek
Studied the language asking questions about the urges of languages and relation between language and thought right
They also asked questions about parts of speech or as we know today the grammatical categories
Noun,verb adjective and adverb
Phillosophers
Plato
He wrote a book named Cratylus it was a dialogue
Natural vs Conventional
Natural they believe that the language is a imitation of nature
Conventational they believe that the language is a result of an agreement between a group of people
He divided the sentence as we know it into grammatical, he asked two questions, what we talked about (subject) and what (predicate or the verb)
Aristotle
He was a conventionalist
He defined a word as a linguistic unit and he added the category of conjunctions he added also the category of tenses
Middle ages during this time the latin was the dominant language of religion, culture education and politics education
The objectives of scholars was to describe the latin language for pedagogical purposes in order to teach
The speculative grammar it is a theory of language
Middle ages 13th century approximately speculative grammarians searched for a universal grammar that can be applied for different languages
Approximately beginning of the 16th century was the age of discoveries it was the age of the birth of official languages
It was a period of rebirth of the ancient civilisations as well such as the Roman and the Greek civilization
The study of the language became an aid or a mean to the understanding of the greek and the latin and the latin literature
English, Spanish, French
Latin language was no longer the dominant language in the Europe in general new european languages became official such as Spanish, English and French
Spanish and Italian was written during the 15th century whereas French and English were written during the 16th
During the age of Renaissance many dictionaries
were produced thanks to the invention of the printing press and of course there was a need to translate the Bible into and of course there was a need to translate the Bible into other languages
People started to break our from Catholicism so they needed to translate the Bible into their own language in order to understand the Word of God
The stoics
They were naturalists because they believed that language is part of human knowledge
They gave the difference between form and meaning
As a grammatical categories are concerned, they made a distinction between transitive and intransitive verbs
Introduced the active and passive voice
The Greek-Alexandrians
They introduced Analogy vs Anomaly
They studied literaly texts, and they focused on the study of written form of language
They presented a debate between the analogists and anomalists
Analogists explained that language is regular
Anomalists explained that language is irregular
Dionysius Thrax
He wrote the first grammar of the Greek language
He was long considered to be author of the earliest grammatical texts on the Greek language
The Indian Tradition
Panini: Indian scholar studied the Sanskrit languge in order to protect their religous text (Vedas)
He studied phonetics and morphology
The Roman Tradition
They imitated the Greeks, they took the grammar of the Thrax as a model to study Latin
They introduced: The art of correct speech, parts of speech and good and bad style
Manuel Leonardo Sanchez Ardila 770337