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History of linguistics, image, Manuel Leonardo Sanchez Ardila 770337 -…

- - - - Studied the language asking questions about the urges of languages and relation between language and thought right
      - They also asked questions about parts of speech or as we know today the grammatical categories
        
        Noun,verb adjective and adverb
      - Phillosophers
        
        Plato
        
        He wrote a book named Cratylus it was a dialogue
        
        Natural vs Conventional
        
        Natural they believe that the language is a imitation of nature
        
        Conventational they believe that the language is a result of an agreement between a group of people
        
        He divided the sentence as we know it into grammatical, he asked two questions, what we talked about (subject) and what (predicate or the verb)
        
        Aristotle
        
        He was a conventionalist
        
        He defined a word as a linguistic unit and he added the category of conjunctions he added also the category of tenses
        
        The stoics
        
        They were naturalists because they believed that language is part of human knowledge
        
        They gave the difference between form and meaning
        
        As a grammatical categories are concerned, they made a distinction between transitive and intransitive verbs
        
        Introduced the active and passive voice
        
        The Greek-Alexandrians
        
        They introduced Analogy vs Anomaly
        
        They studied literaly texts, and they focused on the study of written form of language
        
        They presented a debate between the analogists and anomalists
        
        Analogists explained that language is regular
        
        Anomalists explained that language is irregular
        
        Dionysius Thrax
        
        He wrote the first grammar of the Greek language
        
        He was long considered to be author of the earliest grammatical texts on the Greek language
        
        The Indian Tradition
        
        Panini: Indian scholar studied the Sanskrit languge in order to protect their religous text (Vedas)
        
        He studied phonetics and morphology
        
        The Roman Tradition
        
        They imitated the Greeks, they took the grammar of the Thrax as a model to study Latin
        
        They introduced: The art of correct speech, parts of speech and good and bad style
- - - - The speculative grammar it is a theory of language
      - Middle ages 13th century approximately speculative grammarians searched for a universal grammar that can be applied for different languages
- - - - Latin language was no longer the dominant language in the Europe in general new european languages became official such as Spanish, English and French
      - Spanish and Italian was written during the 15th century whereas French and English were written during the 16th
      - During the age of Renaissance many dictionaries
        were produced thanks to the invention of the printing press and of course there was a need to translate the Bible into and of course there was a need to translate the Bible into other languages
        
        People started to break our from Catholicism so they needed to translate the Bible into their own language in order to understand the Word of God