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Biological Molecules Marianna Kelly - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Unsaturated Fats:
        
        at least 1 double bond in hydrocarbon chain
        
        liquid at room temperature
        
        trans fat: formed by artificially adding hydrogen
        
        cis double bonds prevent molecule for packing tightly
      - Saturated Fats:
        
        Hydrocarbon chains lack double bonds, and flexibility allows fat molecules to pack tightly.
        
        solid at room temperature
- - - - Polysaccharides:
        
        Polymer of many monosaccharides, formed by dehydration reactions
        
        Storage Polysaccharides:
        
        Plants and animals store sugars for later use in this form.
        
        Starch: polymer of glucose monomers; plants store them as granules within cells. The sugar can later be withdrawn by hydrolysis. Most glucose monomers are joined by number 1 carbon to number 4 carbon linkages. Largely helical and efficient storage units (alpha glucose)
        
        Animals store glycogen (extensively branched polymer of glucose).
        
        Structural Polysaccharides:
        
        Cellulose: major structural component in cell walls; most abundant organic compound on Earth. Straight and never branches (Beta glucose).
        
        Chitin: consists of amino sugar components, found in many fungal cell walls and in exoskeletons of anthropods.