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PLANT KINGDOM - Coggle Diagram
PLANT KINGDOM
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Algae
Simple, thalloid, autotrophic
Habitat: Both marine & fresh water, moist stones, soils, wood
Reproduction: Fragmentation (unfavourable conditions), Sexual (favourable conditions)
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Types of Algae
- Phaeophyceae - Brown algae
Vary in colour from olive green to brwon shades depending on the intensity of xanthophyll and fucoxanthin pigments
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Colour is due to the presence of the pigment, r-phycoerythrin
- Chlorophyceae - Green algae
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Sometimes, store food as oil droplets, besides starch
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Bryophytes
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Habitat: Damp, humid, shaded locations
Possess root-like (rhizoids), stem-like (seta), leaf-like structures
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Sporophyte produces haploid spores, which form the gametophyte and then in turn produces gametes.
Liverworts (Hepaticopsida), Mosses (Bryopsida), Hornworts (Anthoceratopsida)
Pteridophytes
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Cool, damp, shady places, sandy-soil conditions
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Gymnosperms
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Leaves withstand extreme conditions of temperature, humidity, wind
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Angiosperms
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Provide food, fodder, fuel, medicines
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Embryo sac, is formed from a cell with reserved food material of the megaspore mother cell. It has 7 cells & 1 nucleus (2 synergids, 3 antipodal cells, 1 egg cell, 2 polar nuclei
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Triple fusion: two polar nuclei fuse, and one of the pollen grains fuse with the diploid secondary nucleus to form primary endosperm nucleus (PEN)
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Plant life cycles
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Spores, through mitosis, produce gametophyte, which in turn produces the gamete
Free living ganetophyte is the dominant, independent and photosynthetic phase
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Diploid sporophyte is the dominant, independent, and photosynthetic
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