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2nd Language Theories and Perspectives - Coggle Diagram
2nd Language Theories and Perspectives
Behaviourist perspective
People learn by practicing, imitating, reinforcing and forming habits
This theory was developed through animal testing
Nelson Brooks and Robert Lado developed audiovisual materias and teacher training (Mimicry and memorization)
In 1970's was said that behaviourism was inadequate for learning a second language
Innatist perspective
States that children are programed to adquare language
The language teaching community was not happy with behaviourism so Stephen Krashen developed a model which consist of 5 hypotesis: Adquasitional learning (Adquasition through exposure)
Adquasitional learning (Adquasition through exposure)
Monitor (Monitor changes)
Natural order (Predictable sequences)
Comprehensible input (Language from exposure has to be comprehensible)
The affective filter (Negative attitudes hinder acquisition)
The cognitive perspective
The computer as a metaphor for the mind
Capacities
Storing, integrating, retrieving
Information- processing model: Building up of knowledge that can become automatic when speaking and understanding
Usage based learning
Learners create conections between features and the context in which they occur
Language is mostly learned in larger units of chunks
The competition model
Learning the relative importance of the different cues appropiate in the target language
Language and the brain
Brain imaging studies showw activation in different locations in both brain hemispheres during language processing of first and second language
Age (Older learner's brains activate the L1 processing areas and other areas) (Younger learners show activation only in the L1 processing areas)
Profiency (Higher proefiency of L2 activates the areas of L1 processing)
Interaction hypotesis
Conversational interaction is an essential condition for L2 adquisition
Learners need opportunities to interact with other speakers, working together to reach understanding
The noticing hypotesis
Comprehensible input does not leads to growth in language knowledge unless the learner becomes aware of a particular language feature
If you are exposed to the second language, but you don't pay attention to it you won't grow as a speaker
Input processing
Pay attention to the language features, analyze the functions of the features (Word order)
Learners will misinterpret sentences if input is not analyzed correctly
Processability theory
The processing and development of the language features in the language learning process
Findings: Position of the language features influence processing, different rates, same order or sequence
Learning by talking
Producing language make learners pay more attention to language features they use