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Present Simple, Present Continuous, Future Simple, Present Perfect, Past…
Present Simple
Habitual, regular actions
Permanent situations, universal truths
Headlines, written in 'telegram' style
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Summaries of events, plots
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In phrases such as I gather, I hear, I see, and I understand to introduce news
In set expressions Here comes, There goes, Here lies
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Present Continuous
Less direct requests, questions
I’m hoping you can lend me $ 100.
We can also use the present simple and present continuous like this in commentaries (for example, on sports events):
King serves to the left hand court and Adams makes a wonderful return. She's playing magnificent tennis in this match...
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Regular actions, but at a particular time
We're usually watching the news on TV at 9.00. (= we're already watching at 9.00)
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Temporary actions
Usually I have breakfast, but this week I’m not eating anything in the morning
Exaggerated, emotional attitudes; unexpected actions
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The case is planned and will definitely be committed in the near future, often with an indication of the time, place or any other details.
Future Simple
We can use "will" to describe future facts. Tomorrow, the sun will rise at 8:30 and will set at 5 PM.
We can use "will" or "be going to" make predictions:
(to express opinions about things that may happen in the future)
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To show that we are willing or voluntarily agreeing (or not willing or agreeing) to do something in the future.
- making promises, requests, invitations
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Can also take the form of an assumption.
That'll be Jim at the door. (This means that I suppose it is Jim.)
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Was going to describes events which were supposed to happen, but did not.
I was going to come over and see you, but I left it too late.
Present Perfect
with report / comment verbs or phrases (guess, imagine)
in the past, but we're not saying exactly when:
Don’t tell me he’s bought another new car!
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In time clauses (after when, as soon as, until, before, etc.) we don’t use will, and so the Future Perfect will have done is not possible. In these cases we use the Present Perfect to refer to the future: We'll continue the meeting when he’s recovered his composure.
We can use the Present Perfect if the period mentioned includes the past and present: We’ve been here since half past six.
Past Simple
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We don’t use Present Perfect when an exact past time is mentioned and there is no connection with the present: We went to London in 1997.
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Past Perfect
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With before! There is one exception to the time sequence rules on Past Perfect. When we use before, the verb in Past Simple can refer to something that takes place before the verb in Past Perfect. The first action may prevent the second from happening:The waiter took my plate away before I'd finished eating.
unfulfilled plans I had intended to be an actor, but things did not work put
To be going to
To make assumptions about the future based on something that's happening now. The clouds are coming out... It's going to rain. (an assumption based on the clouds)
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Past Perfect Continuous
during a period before an event in the past: All day I'd been feeling nervous but the feeling
vanished as soon as I saw her.
Future Perfect
We can also use will have done to say what we think has probably happened: There’s no point phoning: they’ll have gone out.
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