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THE 18TH CENTURY: THE ENLIGHTENMENTT - Coggle Diagram
THE 18TH CENTURY: THE ENLIGHTENMENTT
The main principles of Enlightenment
reason is the only real source of knowledge
science and technological progress would lead to economic growth
learning and teaching are essential
equality and liberty are crucial
Enlightenment thinkers criticised the political and social structures of the Ancien Régime
The political ideas of the Enlightenment
Enlightenment thinkers wanted to eliminate the estates system
Voltaire favoured a strong monarchy whose power should be limited by parliament
Rousseau introduced the idea of popular sovereignty
Montesquieu argued for the separation of powers
Economic liberalism
Adam Smith developed a new economic doctrine called economic liberalism
It is the idea that the state should not intervene in the processes of production or exchange of goods
Principles of economic liberalism
free trade
free competition
freedom of production for business owners
The economic ideas of the Enlightenment
Enlightenment thinkers rejected mercantilism
Instead, they proposed a new economic doctrine called physiocracy
It is the belief that the wealth of a nation derives from its natural resources
Principles of physiocracy
craftsmanship and trade are secondary activities
absolute monarchs, should not intervene in the economy
agriculture is a country's main source of wealth
Enlightenment in Spain
People who wanted to spread Enlightenment ideas
Jovellanos
Conde de Floridablanca
How did they do it?
They published scientific and literary journals
They created public institutions such as
Royal Botanical Gardens in Madrid
the first astronomical observatory in Cádiz
They established schools and academies, such as
Real Academia de la Lengua in Madrid
sociedades económicas de amigos del país
Enlightenment ideas weren't accepted by people who defended their traditional way of life
Enlightenment ideas were spread through
newspapers
salons
books
The encyclopedia
A book written by D'Alembert and Diderot summarised knowledge from many areas of study
academies
