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Neurology - common cases - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Hemiplegic ("Unilateral")
        
        Perinatal arterial iscahemic stroke
      - Diplegic ("Bilateral with legs more involved")
        
        Periventricular leukomalacia
      - Quadriplegic
        
        Microcephalic
        
        PVL
        
        IVH
        
        HIE
    - - Ataxic (rare!)
        
        Ataxia
        
        More likely to be neurogenetic
      - Dyskinetic (Basal ganglia)
        
        Dystonic
        
        HIE
        
        Prematurity
        
        Athetoid
        
        HIE in term babies
        
        Also ex-prem
    - - Perinatal injury
        
        HIE
        
        PVL
        
        IVH
        
        Stroke
      - Post-natal
        
        Meningitis
        
        NAI
        
        Stroke (rare)
      - Genetic causes - may or may not be progressive
- - - - Lisch nodules
      - Skin fold freckling
      - Neurofibromas, including
      - Cafe au lait spots
      - Leg-length discrepancy
      - Optic glioma
      - Head circumference
      - Neurodevelopmental
      - Hearing - what issues?
      - Scoliosis
      - Pseudoarthrosis
      - Renal artery bruits, feel for phaeochromocytoma
      - Height and weight, check pubertal status
  - - - 90% epilepsy
      - Screening via MRI every two years for Sub-ependymal giant cell astrocytomas (SEGA)
      - ASD - 40%
      - 50% learning disability
    - - 90% of infants have cardiac rhabdomyoma
    - - 70% angiomyolipoma
      - 35% simple multiple cysts
      - 5% polycyctic kidneys
      - 2-3% renal cell carcinoma
    - - Women - LAM
      - Men - MMPH
    - - 75% angiofibroma
      - Ungual fibromas
      - Fibrous cephalic plaques
      - 50% shagreen patches
      - 90% focal hypopigmentation
      - Ash leaf macules
      - Cafe au lait spots
    - - Oral fibromas
- - - - Prevent prolonged seizures
      - Prevent risk of brain damage
      - Imprioving learning and development
      - Prevent Sudden Unexepected death (SUDEP) - VERY rare